Improved Spatial Modulation for High Spectral Efficiency

Spatial Modulation (SM) is a technique that can enhance the capacity of MIMO schemes by exploiting the index of transmit antenna to convey information bits. In this paper, we describe this technique, and present a new MIMO transmission scheme that combines SM and spatial multiplexing. In the basic form of SM, only one out of MT available antennas is selected for transmission in any given symbol interval. We propose to use more than one antenna to transmit several symbols simultaneously. This would increase the spectral efficiency. At the receiver, an optimal detector is employed to jointly estimate the transmitted symbols as well as the index of the active transmit antennas. In this paper we evaluate the performance of this scheme in an uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel. The simulations results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the optimal SM and V-BLAST (Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered space-time at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For example, if we seek a spectral efficiency of 8 bits/s/Hz at bit error rate (BER) of 10^-5, the proposed scheme provides 5dB and 7dB improvements over SM and V-BLAST, respectively.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.3, No.2, March 201

KONSUMSI NUTRIEN KAMBING LOKAL JANTAN YANG DIBERI PAKAN DENGAN LEVEL PROTEIN BERBEDA

Ketersediaan pakan yang cukup dengan kualitas yang baik dapat meningkatkan produksi dan populasi ternak. Tinggi rendah konsumsi pakan pada ternak ruminansia  dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal (lingkungan), faktor internal (kondisi ternak). Permasalahan yang terjadi selama ini adalah kebutuhan pakan tidak cukup hanya dengan pemberian hijauan, perlu didukung dengan pemberian pakan konsentrat. Tujuan penelitian adalah  mengetahui pengaruh level protein pakan terhadap kambing Bligon jantan dilihat dari konsumsi pakan. Penelitian  ini merupakan penelitian lapangan. Ternak yang digunakan sebanyak 20 ekor  kambing Bligon jantan berumur 14 sampai 17 bulan  dengan berat badan awal 25.30±3.11kg. Digunakan pakan hijauan dan konsentrat dengan imbangan 25 : 75 (dasar BK). Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dibagi dalam 4 kelompok sesuai dengan perlakuan dengan jumlah ulangan ternak tiap kelompok perlakuan adalah  5 ekor ternak. Data dianalisis dengan analisis rancangan acak lengkap jika terdapat perbedaan di antara perlakuan dilakukan uji lanjut dengan uji Duncan. Hasil Analisis menunjukan Level protein yang berbeda dapat meningkatkan konsumsi BK, BO, PK, SK dan TDN; kenaikan berat badan yang tinggi; konversi dan efisiensi pakan yang lebih baik pada kambing Bligon jantan; Berdasarkan analisis dapat dikatakan bahwa semakin tinggi konsumsi protein, cenderung meningkatkan berat badan level protein yang berbeda dapat meningkatkan konsumsi BK, BO, PK, SK dan TDN, dan perlakuan R4 (15% PK, 72% TDN) menunjukkan hasil terbaik untuk kenaikan berat badan harian

Antennas and Propagation of Implanted RFIDs for Pervasive Healthcare Applications

© 2010 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.This post-acceptance version of the paper is essentially complete, but may differ from the official copy of record, which can be found at the following web location (subscription required to access full paper): http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2010.205101

Phenotype Characteristics of Kampung Chicken in Dullah Selatan District Tual Regency

Qualitative and quantitative traits are used to identify chicken lines, and in breeding qualitative and quantitative traits can be used to produce superior breeds of chickens. In this study, the authors aimed to determine the phenotype (qualitative and quantitative characteristics) of chickens in Dullah Selatan, Tual City. The results of this study found that the qualitative characteristics of native chickens were feather color: white (8 males (11.59%) and 5 females (6.76%), black (0 males (0.00%) and 29 females ( 39.19%), liars (6 males (8.70%) and 8 females (10.81%), Columbia (50 males (72.46%) and 24 females (32.43%), and striated (5 males (7.25%) and 8 females (10.81%); comb form: single (41 males (59.42%) and 42 females (56.76%) and pea (male) 28 individuals (40.58%) and 32 females (43.24%); and shank color: Black/gray (8 males (11.59%) and 37 females (50.00%) and yellow/white (61 males (88.41%) and 37 females (50.00%) While quantitative characteristics were found on average body weight: Males 1338.07 g and females 964.87 g Chest circumference: Males 27 .01 cm and female 24.55 cm; Upper thigh length: Male 9.44 cm and female 8.03; Lower thigh length: male 13.15 cm and female 11.6; Shank length male 10.28 cm and female 8.08 cm

Quantitative Characteristics of Crossing Bali Cows with Different Strain of Bulls in Waelata District Buru Regency

This study aims to determine the quantitative characteristics of the crossbreed Bali cattle with several male breeds such as the Ongole, Limousine, and Simmental breeds. The method used in this research is the observation method in the form of direct observation in the field and measurement of cattle. A total of 30 adult cattle aged 1.5-2 years, consisting of 10 heads each (5 males and 5 females) crosses through Artificial Insemination (AI) of Bali cattle using frozen semen of Ongole breed bulls (POBAL), Limousin (LIMBAL) and Simmental (SIMBAL). The results showed that POBAL cattle had an average body length of 114.4-116.0 cm, chest circumference 179.4-220.0 cm, shoulder height 126.2-143.8 cm, and body weight 407.15-586.84 kg . LIMBAL cattle have an average body length ranging from 129.4-151.2 cm, chest circumference 170.4-191.8 cm, shoulder height 123.0-151.6 cm, and body weight 370.184-457.122 kg. While the average body length for SIMBAL cattle ranges from 159.8-180.0 cm, chest circumference 166.6-219.8 cm, shoulder height 125.8-154.1 cm, and body weight 356.662-584.678 kg

Dakwah Dan Tantangannya Dalam Media Teknologi Komunikasi

; Perkembangan teknologi informasi mengalami kemjauan sangat pesat. Kemajuan tersebut telah mengantarkan umat manusia semakin mudah untuk berhubungan satu dengan lainnya. Berbagai infomasi dan peristiwa yang terjadi dibelahan dunia dengan secara cepat dapat diketahui oleh manusia pada benua yang lain. Era globalisasi yang ditandai oleh semakin majunya teknologi komunikasi juga disebut dengan era informasi. Masyarakat dunia termasuk umat Islam dewasa ini dapat menikmati acara televisi dengan berbagai tayangan. Siaran televisi tersebut bukan hanya terpancar dari jaringan yang bersifat nasional, tetapi juga dapat mengikuti jaringan Internasional berkat adanya satelit yang dihubungkan dengan adanya parabola di rumah-rumah penduduk. Komunikasi di satu sisi menyampaikan informasi kepada orang lain terhadap gagasan atau ide kepada orang lain baik menggunakan media maupun tidak menggunakan media sedangkan disisi lain ingin mengubah pola pikir dan tingkah laku masyarakat. Fungsi komunikasi adalah potensi yang dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi tujuan-tujuan tertentu. Komunikasi sebagai ilmu, seni dan lapangan kerja sudah tentu memiliki fungsi yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Tujuan Komunikasi adalah untuk menyampaikan informasi dan mencari informasi kepada mereka agar apayang ingin disampaikan dapat dimengerti sehingga komunikasi yang dilaksanakan dapat tercapai. Suatu informasi atau pesan yang disampaikan komunikator kepada komunikan akan komunikatif apabila terjadi proses psikologis yang sama antara insan-insan yang terlibat dalam proses tersebut. Dengan perkataan lain, informasi yang disampaikan komunikator kepada komunikan adalah situasi komunikatif seperti itu akan terjadi bila terdapat etos pada diri komunikator. Keywords: Challenges, Technology, Communications The development of information technology has kemjauan very rapidly. The advancement has led mankind easier to relate to one another. Various information and events happening parts of the world with rapidly can be known by human beings on other continents. The era of globalization characterized by the rapid advancement of communication technology is also called information age. The world community, including Muslims today can enjoy television programs with a variety of impressions. The television broadcasts emanating not only from a national network, but also can follow the International network thanks to the satellite which is connected with the parabola in people\u27s homes. Communication on one side convey information to others for ideas or ideas to others either use or not use the media while the media on the other hand want to change the mindset and behavior of the people. Communication function is the potential that can be used to meet certain goals. Communication as a science, art and employment is certainly a function that can be used by humans in meeting their needs. Communication goal is to convey information and search for information to be conveyed them to apayang understandable so that communication can be achieved implemented. An information or message conveyed communicator to the communicant to be communicative event of the same psychological process between beings who are involved in the process. In other words, the information conveyed communicator to the communicant is a communicative situation like that would happen if there is a communicator yourself ethos. Keywords: Challenges, Technology, Communication

Testing Onion Market Integration in Pakistan

This paper analyses spatial market integration using monthly wholesale real price of onion in four regional markets located in each of the four provinces of Pakistan. Unit root test indicates that the price series in each location are stationary, and the series are represented as autoregressive model for eachlocation. The error correction model results show that the regional markets of onion have strong price linkages, and thus are spatially integrated.

PENDAPATAN USAHA SAPI POTONG POLA INTEGRASI DENGAN TANAMAN KELAPA DI KECAMATAN TEON NILA SERUA KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

ABSTRAK  Tujuan dari ini penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya pendapatan dan kontribusi usaha ternak sapi potong pola integrasi dengan tanaman kelapa di Kecamatan Teon Nila Serua Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dan pengambilan desa sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling berdasarkan jumlah ternak terbanyak. Responden yang diambil yaitu peternak yang telah beternak lebih dari 5 tahun dan memiliki ternak sapi lebih dari 5 ekor dan juga peternak pernah melakukan penjualan ternak sapi potong 1 tahun terakhir dan memiliki perkebunan kelapa. Pendapatan yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah pendapatan tunai dari usaha tani kelapa dan usaha ternak.Untuk pendapatan peternakan diperoleh dari penjualan sapi potong, sedangkan pendapatan usaha tani kelapa diperoleh dari hasil penjualan kopra. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan petani dengan pola integrasi usaha sapi potong dan usaha tanaman kelapa adalah sebesar Rp. 13.760.509,33. Besarnya kontribusi usaha ternak sapi potong terhadap pendapatan petani adalah sebesar 71,83 %.   ABSTRACT  The purpose of this study was to determine the income and contribution of the beef cattle business with an integrated pattern with coconut in Teon Nila Serua District, Central Maluku Regency. The method used in this research is a survey method and sample villages are taken by purposive sampling based on the largest number of livestock. Respondents taken are farmers who have been raising cattle for more than 5 years and have more than 5 cattle and also farmers who have sold beef cattle in the last 1 year and have coconut plantations. The income referred to in this study is cash income from coconut farming and livestock business. For livestock, income is obtained from the sale of beef cattle, while coconut farming income is obtained from the sale of copra. The results show that the average income of farmers with the integration pattern of beef cattle and coconut business is Rp. 13,760,509.33. The contribution of the beef cattle business to farmers' income is 71.83%

Juridical Review of Criminal Acts in the Ownership of Firearms and Ammunition

Criminalization is one aspect of criminal law that is often the subject of discussion in the community. There are times when the conviction is felt very light or very heavy when compared with the perpetrators. In fact, in criminal offenses, many things are taken into consideration, both in juridical and sociological aspects. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of criminal law for criminal acts of possession of firearms and ammunition in the decision No.102/Pid.Sus/2018/PN-Bau and to determine the legal considerations of judges in criminal acts of ownership of firearms and ammunition in the decision No.102 /Pid.Sus/2018/PN-Bau. This research is a qualitative normative law research that is more concerned with understanding the existing legal material rather than the quantity or amount of data. In normative legal research, researchers simply need to collect secondary legal materials and construct them in a series of research results. The nature of the research to be carried out is analytical descriptive. The results showed that the indictment was charged by the public prosecutor using a single indictment, namely Article 1 paragraph (1) of Law Number 12 of 1951 concerning firearms and explosives. Then the demands of the public prosecutor namely Dropping the criminal on Defendant Masrudin S Alias ​​Fajrin Bin La Isa with 7 (seven) months imprisonment were reduced as long as the defendant was in custody with an order that the defendant remain detained in Baubau Detention Center, and the panel of judges sentenced the criminal to the defendant Masrudin S Alias ​​Fajrin Bin La Isa, therefore was sentenced to five (5) months in prison. Judge's Legal Considerations in Criminal Acts of Ownership of Firearms and Ammunition in Decision Number 102/Pid.Sus/2018/PN-Bau. Based on the evidence, namely the witness' statement and the defendant's statement accompanied by evidence. the judge must consider all aspects including juridical, philosophical, and sociological aspects

Influence Game of Dialogue on the Type of Counseling Communication Skills Students

This research is quantitative research experiments to test a technique applied in or affecting a particular State. The development process procedures Gestalt therapeutic counselling techniques to overcome anxiety dialog game communication based construct Burgon and Rufnerr based on the concept Joyce and Sill. Instruments used by Likert scale model. Test the validity of research instrument through validity test by three experts and also performed using Pearson Product Moment by correlating the item score, total score and the reliability test using Cronbach Alpha formula. Furthermore, the data obtained were analysed using Pearson Product Moment test to answer the hypothesis. The results of this research indicate that prior to the implementation of the application of game dialog (pre-test) the ability to communicate the students tend to be low with an average of 53 and after execution the application of game dialog (post-test) the development of communication skills of students has increased by an average of 59.6. From the results of hypothesis test obtained t_count = 2.773 and t_table= 1.833 so that the results obtained t-count > t-table (2.773> 1.833). Thus it can be concluded that the application dialog gaming services can impact the ability to communicate with students. The research was conducted on Senior High School students Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia