197 research outputs found
Bootstrap for Critical Branching Process with Non-Stationary Immigration
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 60J80, Secondary 62F12, 60G99.In the critical branching process with a stationary immigration the standard parametric bootstrap for an estimator of the offspring mean is invalid. We consider the process with non-stationary immigration, whose mean and variance Ξ±(n) and Ξ²(n) are finite for each n β₯ 1 and are regularly varying sequences with nonnegative exponents Ξ± and Ξ², respectively. It turns out that if Ξ±(n) β β and Ξ²(n) = o(nΞ±2(n)) as n β β, then the standard parametric bootstrap procedure leads to a valid approximation for the distribution of the conditional least squares estimator. We state a theorem which justifies the validity of the bootstrap. By Monte-Carlo and bootstrap simulations for the process we confirm the theoretical findings. The simulation study highlights the validity and utility of the bootstrap in this model as it mimics the Monte-Carlo pivots even when generation size is small
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy
The muscular dystrophies are a group of heterogeneous genetic diseases characterized by progressive degeneration and weakness of skeletal muscle. Since the discovery of the first muscular dystrophy gene encoding dystrophin, a large number of genes have been identified that are involved in various muscle-wasting and neuromuscular disorders. Human genetic studies complemented by animal model systems have substantially contributed to our understanding of the molecular pathomechanisms underlying muscle degeneration. Moreover, these studies have revealed distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms that link genetic mutations to diverse muscle wasting phenotypes
Physical training at university as a means of adaptation of foreign students to the study in different cultural environment
Β© Medwell Journals, 2016.In the study justified the necessity of foreign students involvement in active physical training and sports in order to improve their motor and communicative activity. Precisely in the area of physical activity of foreign students there are certain reserves for increasing the efficiency of adaptation processes. Physical activity is a powerful means of restoring mental and physical strength of students which helps to cope with the problems of adaptation to the new life's conditions and education. Physical training contributes to the expansion of communication ability of foreign students, reduces language barriers, creating favorable conditions for psychological adaptation of foreign students to study and live in different cultural environment
Investigation of wear mechanics and behaviour of NiCr metallic foam abradables
Current aero-engine sealing materials are reaching their operating limit, as manufacturers seek more efficient engines with longer service lives. Even when utilised in optimum conditions, current materials have inconsistencies in performance due to variabilities in their microstructure, which lead to undesirable responses and events. As such, a new generation of sealing materials is required. Metallic foams are one such material, given the opportunities that exist to both engineer material properties, and achieve relatively consistent microstructures when compared to the current class of thermally sprayed abradable materials. In this study, the abradability of a nickel (70%)βchromium (30%) (NiCr) alloy foam is investigated, with the role of cell size and filler material considered. Tests are performed on a representative high-speed test rig, where a flat blade is used to simulate an aero-engine incursion event. A series of in situ measurement techniques, such as force, temperature and stroboscopic wear measurements are used to characterise the incursion, with DIC (Digital Image Correlation) techniques also employed to investigate breakdown of the foam. Unfilled foams were shown to lead to high blade wear, with the inclusion of filler materials leading to load transfer and collapse of the foam away from the incursion site, along with improved fracture. Both load transfer and ligament collapse mechanisms were found to promote more favourable rub mechanics at all incursion rates tested
Tolerance education of students in the process of preparation and implementation of the sports volunteer
Β© Medwell Journals, 2016.The problem of tolerance among students is the most relevant. One of the effective forms of work of the university in solving the issue of tolerance is the organization and implementation of sports volunteering. There were identified the main tasks and directions of work of university's department of physical culture for theoretical and practical training of volunteers and supporters to activities in a multicultural environment of sports events at various levels
New Approach Measuring the Wheel/Rail Interaction Loads
This chapter suggested new methods for monitoring the dynamic processes of rolling stock/rail interaction. This study develops a new technical solution for measuring the wheel/rail interaction forces on a significant part of the sleeper. The theoretical part of this study, using FEM, confirm the ability of piecewise continuous recording of vertical and lateral forces from the wheel/rail interaction by measuring the stresses in two sections of the rail. Also, the optimum location of strain gauges and the effective length of the measuring zone have been determined. The experimental part of this study has been carried out on the stands and the railway track to confirm the effectiveness of the method to determine the vertical and lateral wheel/rail interaction forces, increase the reliable statistical data, improve the measurement accuracy, reducing the time and cost compared with current testing methods. The developed method is recommended to determine the wheel/rail interaction forces and identify defects on the wheels when diagnosing rolling stock on operational and travel regimes
ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°
Introduction. Reconstruction of soft tissue defects after radical surgeries in cancer patients is important for early surgical rehabilitation and improving quality of life. Our study presents technologies for virtual surgical planning (VSP) of soft tissue defect reconstruction in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.Case presentation. We described VSP in a report of a 54-year-old patient with locally advanced buccal mucosa cancer after extensive radical resection and reported the results. VSP was used to construct a 3D model from CT images, which was used to accurately assess the margin of radical surgical resection, as well as to develop individually based reconstruction of soft tissue defects. Next, we reported a series of cases of patients with oral cancer of various locations, who, after radical surgery, underwent reconstruction with using of VSP (n=7) or conventional reconstruction (n=10). A comparative analysis of intra and postoperative results was carried out.Results. In a patient with locally advanced left buccal mucosa cancer, reconstruction of the postoperative defect was successful without local complications after reconstruction. Good functional and aesthetic results were obtained. The patient was observed for 2 years without signs of disease. A comparative assessment of the results of the main and control groups showed that patients in the VSP group had a shorter operation time and postoperative hospital stay, as well as fewer and milder postoperative local complications in comparison with the control group.Conclusion. Our results showed the effectiveness of using 3D technology in reconstructive surgery of soft tissue defects after radical surgery for oral SCC. This technology has significantly reduced operative time, hospital stay, and improved flap utilization. This method has great potential for wider application and provides greater benefits with further improvement of technology.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. Π Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠ₯Π) ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ₯Π ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° 54 Π»Π΅Ρ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ₯Π Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΠ’-ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° 3D-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ₯Π-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ (n=7) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ (n=10). ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°- ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ².Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ c ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π» Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2 Π»Π΅Ρ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ₯Π Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 3D-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
Todd Paralysis in a Pregnant Mother Presenting as Acute Stroke: Case Report
Beria Aksu Selman,1,* Mohamed Sheikh Hassan,2,3,* Rahim Rahimov,1 Saltanat Mert,1 Ayhan KΓΆksal1 1University of Health Science, Neurology Department Başakşehir Γam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Department of Neurology, Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia; 3Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Mogadishu University, Mogadishu, Somalia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mohamed Sheikh Hassan, Department of Neurology Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia, Email [email protected]: Toddβs paralysis (TP) is relatively uncommon condition that can occur immediately after an epileptic seizure. It is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome that presents with acute-onset neurological findings, such as paralysis, paresthesia, aphasia, hemianopsia, and an altered state of consciousness. This may be accompanied by cytotoxic edema on diffusion MRI. This case illustrates a 28-week pregnant patient with TP who presented with acute stroke-like clinical and radiological findings. The patient was presented to the emergency room with left side weakness following focal onset generalized seizure. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffusion restriction which led to the initial consideration of acute stroke. However, after the disappearance of the neurologic deficit and the resolution of the diffusion restriction in the control MRI, the diagnosis shifted away from acute stroke to the postictal TP. It is important to keep in mind that TP may mimic acute stroke even in the presence of an acute brain lesion in the brain MRI. The differentiation is necessary as each of them has completely different treatment and etiology.Keywords: Todd paralysis, acute stroke, magnetic resonance imaging, hemiplegi
Comparative RNA editing in autistic and neurotypical cerebella
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a neurodevelopmentally regulated epigenetic modification shown to modulate complex behavior in animals. Little is known about human A-to-I editing, but it is thought to constitute one of many molecular mechanisms connecting environmental stimuli and behavioral outputs. Thus, comprehensive exploration of A-to-I RNA editing in human brains may shed light on geneβenvironment interactions underlying complex behavior in health and disease. Synaptic function is a main target of A-to-I editing, which can selectively recode key amino acids in synaptic genes, directly altering synaptic strength and duration in response to environmental signals. Here, we performed a high-resolution survey of synaptic A-to-I RNA editing in a human population, and examined how it varies in autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder in which synaptic abnormalities are a common finding. Using ultra-deep (>1000 Γ ) sequencing, we quantified the levels of A-to-I editing of 10 synaptic genes in postmortem cerebella from 14 neurotypical and 11 autistic individuals. A high dynamic range of editing levels was detected across individuals and editing sites, from 99.6% to below detection limits. In most sites, the extreme ends of the population editing distributions were individuals with autism. Editing was correlated with isoform usage, clusters of correlated sites were identified, and differential editing patterns examined. Finally, a dysfunctional form of the editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA B1 was found more commonly in postmortem cerebella from individuals with autism. These results provide a population-level, high-resolution view of A-to-I RNA editing in human cerebella and suggest that A-to-I editing of synaptic genes may be informative for assessing the epigenetic risk for autism.Nancy Lurie Marks Family FoundationF. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. (Applied Science Sequencing Grant Program)Autism Speaks (Organization)Simons FoundationNational Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1R01MH085143-01
In-situ measurements of thermal-mechanical wear in blade-abradable liner contacts
The abradable coating on the casing of a jet engine minimises any air gaps by allowing blades to cut a path into the abradable, reducing efficiency losses. Unfortunately, abradable cutting performance varies significantly with rub conditions and abradable type, leading to poor cutting performance and potentially damaging the blades.
This study further develops the abradable testing capabilities of a 200msβ1 spindle test rig by applying previously researched stroboscopic imagining techniques to record the front of the blade alongside thermal imaging of the blade and the abradable. The front camera makes it possible to see how adhesions are forming along the width of the blade, and how the adhesion growth differs between materials. The thermal camera can then be used to identify hot spots on both the blade and the abradable, providing an insight into how hot spots relate to adhesions both spatially and temporally.
These tools have been proven with testing of Metco 601 at a range of incursion rates. At the incursion rate of 0.2ΞΌm/pass the tools were able to provide conclusive results, with video footage of the front, side, blade temperature and abradable temperatures being aligned temporally and spatially. Numerical data could then be extracted to produce rub maps of adhesion height, blade temperature, and abradable temperature on separate plots which is a powerful tool when looking for relationships between the data sets, and for identifying time-based patterns. Further benefits of this tool set were shown when focusing on individual adhesions events within a rub, allowing for the delays between abradable heating, adhesions forming, and blade heating to be observed and quantified. When applied to multiple materials and at different test conditions this tool will provide further insight into how adhesion formation differs, and potentially into why adhesions form
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