Influencia del tipo de bloque de arcilla aligerada en la transmitancia térmica equivalente de diferentes tipos de fachadas en edificios

This paper compares the equivalent thermal transmittances of different façades built using commercial clay bricks with three different thicknesses and façades made using the same method but with ceramic bricks with optimized rhomboidal interior geometry. Equivalent thermal transmittances of 0.300 W/m2·K were recorded for the rhomboidal brick with a thickness of 0.290 m and a façade with thermo-acoustic insulation and a large format brick on the interior, but the final thickness of the façade was 0.445 m. For ventilated façades made of the proposed rhomboidal brick with thicknesses of 0.290 and 0.240 m an 8–9% improvement was found, with values of 0.312 W/m2·K and 0.339 W/m2·K, respectively. It can be concluded that in view of the small difference in thermal terms, the best option is to use a brick 0.240 m thick, as the overall thickness of the façade will not then exceed 0.300 m.En el presente trabajo se comparan las transmitancias térmicas equivalentes de diferentes fachadas ejecutadas con bloques comerciales de tres espesores 0,290 m, 0,240 m y 0,190 m, con el mismo montaje pero con un bloque cerámico optimizado con geometría interior romboidal. Se ha obtenido una transmitancia térmica equivalente de 0,300 W/m2·K para el ladrillo con geometría romboidal de 0,290 m de espesor y pared con aislamiento termoacústico y gran formato en el interior, con un espesor total de fachada de 0,445 m. Para fachadas ventiladas con el ladrillo romboidal propuesto con espesores de 0,290 y 0,240 m, se obtiene una mejora de un 8%–9%, con valores de 0,312 W/m2·K y 0,339 W/m2·K, respectivamente. Podemos concluir que, dada la pequeña diferencia en términos térmicos, la mejor opción es el uso de ladrillos de 0,240 m de espesor, siempre y cuando el espesor total de fachada no exceda los 0,300 m

Effect of Austenite Deformation on the Microstructure Evolution and Grain Refinement Under Accelerated Cooling Conditions

Although there has been much research regarding the effect of austenite deformation on accelerated cooled microstructures in microalloyed steels, there is still a lack of accurate data on boundary densities and effective grain sizes. Previous results observed from optical micrographs are not accurate enough, because, for displacive transformation products, a substantial part of the boundaries have disorientation angles below 15 deg. Therefore, in this research, a niobium microalloyed steel was used and electron backscattering diffraction mappings were performed on all of the transformed microstructures to obtain accurate results on boundary densities and grain refinement. It was found that with strain rising from 0 to 0.5, a transition from bainitic ferrite to acicular ferrite occurs and the effective grain size reduces from 5.7 to 3.1 μm. When further increasing strain from 0.5 to 0.7, dynamic recrystallization was triggered and postdynamic softening occurred during the accelerated cooling, leading to an inhomogeneous and coarse transformed microstructure. In the entire strain range, the density changes of boundaries with different disorientation angles are distinct, due to different boundary formation mechanisms. Finally, the controversial influence of austenite deformation on effective grain size of low-temperature transformation products was argued to be related to the differences in transformation conditions and final microstructures

Economic analysis of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). A review of software packages for estimating and simulating costs

This review presents an economic analysis of Enhanced Geothermal Systems, which are a way of making efficient, large-scale use of the enormous resources offered by geothermal energy. Existing software packages for estimating and simulating costs, conventionally used in studying Enhanced Geothermal Systems facilities have been examined, focusing on EURONAUT, the top European software, and the US GEOPHIRES package. The latter is currently the newest package for economic studies of Enhanced Geothermal Systems: it can simulate not only electricity production but also the output of heat for direct use and the combination of both systems, i.e. Combined Heat and Power. The main findings obtained with these two tools are presented, including sensitivity of analysis and a comparison of the Levelized Costs of Electricity with other electricity generating technologies. Finally, and based on the study conducted, different approaches are proposed in order to obtain better results from the initial assumptions and parameters used in areas still to be explored by software packages

Analysis of working fluids applicable in Enhanced Geothermal Systems: Nitrous oxide as an alternative working fluid

This document presents a study into the working fluids that can be used at an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) plant as a way of making efficient, large-scale use of the enormous resources offered by geothermal energy. First, we investigate the two working fluids most used in such plants: water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The comparative analysis brings to light the advantages of each one, making it possible to assess their beneficial properties. This leads us to establish what properties any alternative working fluid should have. Then, we analyse fluids included in the database of the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) program. This entails a study of their thermodynamic properties in the working conditions established. Based on the properties of each alternative working fluid and the results obtained from the EES, we seek to determine which working fluid has the best performance. Finally, the results obtained after the analysis leads us to conclude that single supercritical phase nitrous oxide seems to be an alternative to the two working fluids used to date. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Corrigendum El sistema integrado colombiano de verdad, justicia, reparación y no repetición (vol 15, pg 1011, 2017)

This is a correction notice for article mqx057 (DOI: https://doi-org.ez.urosario.edu.co/10.1093/jicj/mqx057), published on 25 December 2017. The authors regret that part of Hector Olasolo's affiliation was worded incorrectly. It read: 'Prof. Olasolo holds the Chair in International Law at the University of El Rosario (Colombia)'; however, it should have read as follows: 'Prof. Olasolo holds the Chair in International Law at Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.' This has now been corrected online. © 2018 Oxford University Press. All Rights Reserved

Revisión de la jurisdicción ad hoc de la Corte Penal Internacional

Article 12(3) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), which allows a state that is not a party to the Statute to 'accept the exercise of jurisdiction by the Court' by way of a declaration lodged with the registrar, is one of the Statute's most inconspicuous provisions. It has attracted only brief notice either in the general literature on the jurisdiction of the ICC' or in the particular context of the debate over U.S. objections to the Court's third-party jurisdiction.2 Few writers have looked closely at the provision's construction and procedural regime, and the first declaration made by a state under this provision-by the Ivory Coast in February 2005-has gone almost unnoticed in international theory and practice.3 Within abroader context, legal scholars have expressed doubts about the effectiveness ofthe Court's jurisdiction under Article 12 of the Statute ('Preconditions to the Exercise ofJurisdiction'). Critics of the jurisdictional regime agreed upon in Rome voiced the concern that the Court would be largely unable to deal with some of the most egregious crimes committed in conflict zones-owing to a presumed reluctance of territorial states either to become partiesto the Statute or to trigger the Court's jurisdiction. It was feared, in particular, that the Statute 'gives undue shelter to the very civil war conflicts that were the moral impetus for the negotiation of a Rome Treaty'; not only would a 'genocidaire leader' refuse to 'agree to ad hocjurisdiction for crimes committed against his own people,' but there would 'not be consent from the state where the offence occurred, or the state of nationality of the offender.'4 These fears have not been borne out by experience. The ICC Statute has received a growing number of ratifications from conflict or postconflict societies over the last few years.5 The Court's firsthree situations (Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Central African Republic, in that order) were submitted to it by self-referral under Articles 13(a) and 14.6 Moreover, the first declaration under Article 12(3) was lodged by a state that is not party to the Statute but suffers from civil strife and internal conflict