229 research outputs found
Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change among Artisanal Fishermen in Fishing Communities along Anambra River Nigeria
Climate change is threatening the attainment of self-sufficiency in fish production in Nigeria. As a result, artisanal fishermen are developing adaptation practices that will reduce their vulnerability to climate change. The study therefore investigated perceptions and adaptation behavior of climate change among Artisanal Fishermen in Fishing Communities along Anambra River in South East Nigeria. The study adopted multistage sampling technique to select 240 Artisanal Fishermen. The results showed that the mean age of Artisanal Fishermen was 50 years and household size of 4 persons, with 52.5% married. On average, the Artisanal Fishermen have spent about 15 years. Majority (85%) of the respondents have formal education. Also, majority of the Artisanal Fishermen had access to credit for male (67.5%). Furthermore the result revealed that Artisanal Fishermen () were aware of the occurrence of climate change and the most widely used adaptation practice of the Artisanal Fishermen were changing of Diversification of livelihoods (), Information dissemination (), Improved housing (), Financial Support () and Community representative in disaster management (). Ordinary least Square regression result factors influencing adaptation behavior of climate change among artisanal fishermen in fishing communities along Anambra river Nigeria with an R2 value of 88.3% shows that marital status (5%), member of cooperative society (10%) and extension services (1%) were positively related to number of mitigation strategies used by artisanal fishermen in fishing communities, while household size (1%) was significant and negative. The study therefore, recommends that extension workers should be continuously trained and educated on current information about climate change to enable them enlighten and disseminate to fish farmers. This will enable update and synchronization of ideas with the Artisanal Fishermen
The 'cumulative' formulation of (physiologically) structured population models
bibliographical data to be processed -- Evolution equations, control theory, and biomathematics (Han sur Lesse, 1991) Pages: 145--154 Series: Lecture Notes in Pure and Appl. Math. Vol: 155 -- Dekker (New York) --
Evidence-based nutritional guidelines : what is meant by trustworthy recommendations
The article aims to describe the characteristics of trustworthy recommendations as well as standards for trustworthy guidelines published by the Institute of Medicine and tools that can be used for quality assessment. The next section summarizes published assessments of guidelines quality using AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation) Instrument and the problems raised by the National Academy of Sciences regarding the development process of nutritional guidelines. Similar problems are also reflected in the assessment of quality of dietary guides, since less than 50?% of the documents were rated as high quality. The article is concluded with the description of the NutriRECS protocol, as an example of a strict, transparent and comprehensive approach to draw up nutritional guidance
Perturbation theory for dual semigroups II. Time-dependent perturbations in the sun-reflexive case
Characterizing the Initial Phase of Epidemic Growth on some Empirical Networks
A key parameter in models for the spread of infectious diseases is the basic
reproduction number , which is the expected number of secondary cases a
typical infected primary case infects during its infectious period in a large
mostly susceptible population. In order for this quantity to be meaningful, the
initial expected growth of the number of infectious individuals in the
large-population limit should be exponential.
We investigate to what extent this assumption is valid by performing repeated
simulations of epidemics on selected empirical networks, viewing each epidemic
as a random process in discrete time. The initial phase of each epidemic is
analyzed by fitting the number of infected people at each time step to a
generalised growth model, allowing for estimating the shape of the growth. For
reference, similar investigations are done on some elementary graphs such as
integer lattices in different dimensions and configuration model graphs, for
which the early epidemic behaviour is known.
We find that for the empirical networks tested in this paper, exponential
growth characterizes the early stages of the epidemic, except when the network
is restricted by a strong low-dimensional spacial constraint, such as is the
case for the two-dimensional square lattice. However, on finite integer
lattices of sufficiently high dimension, the early development of epidemics
shows exponential growth.Comment: To be included in the conference proceedings for SPAS 2017
(International Conference on Stochastic Processes and Algebraic Structures),
October 4-6, 201
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