Complimentary Image Processing Techniques: Critical Review with C#

Image Enhancement is one of the most essential and laborious techniques in image researches. The scheme of image enhancement is to improve the visual semblance of an image, or to afford a “correct transform representation for future automated image processing. Many images like medical images, satellite images, aerial images and even real life photographs suffer from indigent contrast and noise. It is necessary to enhance the contrast and remove the noise to enhance image quality. One of the most significant stages in medical images detection and analysis is Image Enhancement techniques which improves the quality (clearness) of images for human look, removing blurring and noise, increasing contrast, and unveil details are examples of enhancement operations. The enhancement technique varies from one field to another according to its objective. The existent techniques of image enhancement can be classified into two categories: Spatial Domain and Frequency domain enhancement. In this research, we present an overview of image enhancement projection techniques in spatial domain. More specifically, we categorise processing methods based typical techniques of Image enhancement. Thus the contribution of this paper is to arrange and review image enhancement procedure techniques, attempt an evaluation of shortcomings and universal needs in this field of active research and in last we will stage out promising directions on research for image enhancement for prospective research. Keywords: Frequency based domain enhancement, Image Enhancement, Spatial based domain enhancement, Histogram Equalization

Implementation of Micro-Controller Based Adaptive Motion Detection for Industrial Monitoring System

Industrial system has become concurrent research focus in most developed counties being an ultimate source of revenue benefited by citizens. This project emphasized on implementation of micro-controller based adaptive motion detection for industrial monitoring system as a factor that determines synergy and sustainability of industrial management. The camera will be interface with PC to detect the presence of object and report production activities through image capture and enable video stream for monitoring. The design is to create interface link between Microcontroller AVR PC, ATMEG16 and camera C3088. The PC will establish bi-directional communication with AVR while using I2C communication protocol is used to interface camera and AVR.  The industrial feedback process will be control with AVR based on adaptive motion detection from installed camera. The captured image obtain from the camera can be use for surveillance or can be process for image processing purpose in industries and organizations. Keywords: Lighting, LED, economic usage, light energy, detectio

Supply chain [Chapter 4]

The Supply Chain is critical to the establishment of a hydrogen fuel cell economy and indeed offers immense benefit to the economy. A range of Lifecycle Analysis studies conducted in EU FC Framework and EU FCH Joint Undertaking projects detailing HFC system inventories readily explains the widespread extent of potential interest showing that the physical bulk of any fuel cell system or application does not involve a great deal of new technology. Although the core fuel cell (or electrolysis) stack is fundamental to the technology – the physical bulk of any system or application is made up of regular engineering and fabricated components. And the greatest proportion of cost and value in such systems is entrained in their overall design and integration content (IP). For example in scoping out the prospects for a hydrogen ferry being built and operated in Scotland, around 200 local supply chain companies were identified which could have an interest in such a development

Analyzing the Impact of Heat and Mass Transfer on Unsteady MHD Flow with Thermal Radiation and Binary Chemical Reaction

In this paper, we investigate the combined effects of heat and masstransfer on unsteady oscillatory magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow withthermal radiation and binary chemical reaction. The governing equationsof the flow field, energy equation, and species concentration equation arederived under the assumptions of incompressible flow, uniform magneticfield, and small amplitude oscillations. The influence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction is incorporated through appropriate boundary conditions. Mathematical formulations are presented for the coupled systemof equations, and numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the heatand mass transfer characteristics of the flow. Sensitivity analysis of the governing parameters were conducted and presented through graphs and discussed. The results provide insightsinto the complex interplay between fluid dynamics, thermal radiation, andchemical reaction in MHD systems and their implications for engineeringapplications.&nbsp

Adoption of Recommended Crop Protection Practices By Sesame Farmers in Benue State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to investigate fanners practices and adoption of improved sesame crop protection practices in Benue state, Nigeria. Using survey research, a pre-tested structured interview schedule was used to elicit informationfrom 120 sesamefanners that were randomly selectedfrom ten villages in two agricultural blocks in the northern zone from a samplingframe of sesamefanners. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Low adoption level was observed for all the crop protection practices , namely herbicide use (2.9%), disease control (2.0%) insect control(2.0%) and seed dressing (2.9%). Only 1%of the respondents hadfull package adoption, 5%hadpartial adoption while 94%didnot adopt any of the cropprotectionpractices. The study further revealed a significant relationship between adoption and the following variables: awareness (r=0.21;p<0.05), household size involvedinfarming (r=0.248;p<0.01), andyears offarming experience (r = 0.370; p<0.01). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that years of farming experience was a critical variable in the adoption of crop protection practices by sesame farmers and accountedfor 17% of the determinants of adoption. Based on this study it is recommended that efforts should be geared towards increasing the awareness of all crop protection practices in order to increase their adoption using a multimedia approach. These crop protection practices shouldfocus mainly on integrated approaches with little or no chemical and more ofpractices that are compatible with thefarmerspractices

Adoption of Recommended Crop Protection Practices By Sesame Farmers in Benue State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to investigate fanners practices and adoption of improved sesame crop protection practices in Benue state, Nigeria. Using survey research, a pre-tested structured interview schedule was used to elicit informationfrom 120 sesamefanners that were randomly selectedfrom ten villages in two agricultural blocks in the northern zone from a samplingframe of sesamefanners. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Low adoption level was observed for all the crop protection practices , namely herbicide use (2.9%), disease control (2.0%) insect control(2.0%) and seed dressing (2.9%). Only 1%of the respondents hadfull package adoption, 5%hadpartial adoption while 94%didnot adopt any of the cropprotectionpractices. The study further revealed a significant relationship between adoption and the following variables: awareness (r=0.21;p<0.05), household size involvedinfarming (r=0.248;p<0.01), andyears offarming experience (r = 0.370; p<0.01). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that years of farming experience was a critical variable in the adoption of crop protection practices by sesame farmers and accountedfor 17% of the determinants of adoption. Based on this study it is recommended that efforts should be geared towards increasing the awareness of all crop protection practices in order to increase their adoption using a multimedia approach. These crop protection practices shouldfocus mainly on integrated approaches with little or no chemical and more ofpractices that are compatible with thefarmerspractices

EFFECTS OF COMPENSATION PRACTICES ON ACADEMIC STAFF’S JOB PERFORMANCE IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

The study examined the effect of compensation practices on academic staff’s job performance in Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used to purposively select 3 Agricultural base colleges followed by proportionate stratified sampling technique where respondents were randomly selected. One hundred and three (103) respondents from the three colleges of agriculture of the university were selected of which 92 questionnaires were retrieved. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation, chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Finding revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 42.71 years, 71.7% of the respondents were male, 81.5% of them were married and 79.3% of the respondents were PhD holders. The mean years of experience was 10 years while their mean income was ₦217447.29. Most (79.4%) academic staff perceived that there is a pressing need to review and rationalize the pay structure to improve employee efficiency, some of the compensation packages available were; retirement benefit (100%), study leave (91.3%), career development opportunity (82.6%). The major constraints to compensation strategies identified were poor insurance scheme (21.7%), inadequate welfare package (20.7%) and poor communication network (19.6%). Furthermore, a significant relationship existed between respondents’ age (r= -0.204, P&lt;0.05), compensation packages (r= 0.26, P&lt;0.05) and their job performance. The results concluded that academic staff perceived a pressing need to review the compensation packages by involving them in the compensation decision making process. Effective management and implementation of compensation packages is highly recommended. , , Job Performanc

Effects of Precipitation Hardening on Mechanical Properties of Multistage Stirred Cast AA6063 Composites

This research work is to study the effects of precipitation hardening on multistage stirred cast alumina reinforced AA6063 composites which were achieved through production of alumina (Al2O3) reinforced AA6063 alloy, using four stage stir casting method; determination of the effect of precipitation hardening heat treatment on the samples produced; and characterization of the microstructures and some mechanical properties of the cast and precipitation hardened aluminium matrix composite.This work studied the effects of precipitation hardening on multistage stirred cast alumina reinforced AA 6063 composite through production of alumina reinforced AA6063 alloy by four stage stir casting method, determination of effect of precipitation hardening heat treatment and characterization of microstructures and some mechanical properties of as-cast and heat treated samples of aluminium matrix composites. The amounts of AA 6063 and alumina particles required for the production of aluminium composites with 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 volume percent of alumina were determined by charge calculations. The particles of alumina were initially pre- heated at 300 oC to enhance wetability with aluminium alloy. The AA 6063 alloy was charged into a gas fired crucible furnace and the liquid was allowed to cool to a viscous mass at temperature of about 600 oC so as to introduce alumina particles. Stirring operations were performed manually and mechanically at 750 oC and 300 rpm, to ensure uniform distribution of reinforcement within the matrix, before pouring into permanent metal mould. The samples produced were solutionized at 550 oC for one hour, quenched in water and later aged at 180 oC for 2, 3 and 4 hours. Some samples were reserved for control experimentation. Mechanical responses of the composite were investigated by tensile, hardness and impact test carried out on the samples. The structures of the samples were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopes. The results trend showed that as the volume fraction of alumina and aging time increase, the strength and hardness values also increase with corresponding decrease in impact value. Composite with 15% alumina aged at 4 hours showed highest strength and hardness values of 262.77 MPa and 64.12 BHN, respectively with impact value of 9.86 J. The study showed that multistage stir casting method and precipitation hardening heat treatment are capable of improving the mechanical properties of AA 6063-Al2O3 composites.Self-sponsore

Qualitative determination of chemical and nutritional composition of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth

Qualitative determination of chemical and nutritional composition of Parkia biglobosa seeds an underexploited crop seed in Nigeria was carried out. Seeds of P. biglobosa were found to be rich in lipid, protein, carbohydrate, soluble sugars and ascorbic acid. The cotyledon was very nutritious, has less fibre and ash contents when compared to that of testa. The oil content was suitable for consumption since it contains very low acid and iodine contents. The oil has very high saponification value and hence would be useful in soap industry. Some simple reducing sugars, including lactose, were identified. Key words: Parkia bioglobosa, Qalitative determination, Industrial use, Saponification, underexploited.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (8), pp. 812-81

Assessment of Factors Responsible for the Choice of Contractors’ Prequalification Criteria for Civil Engineering Project: Consultants’ Perspective

It is not uncommon, during contractor selection process, for prequalifier's decisions to be informed by certain parameters. In the light of this, the choice of the criteria to be eventually adopted depends on factors that play complimentary role when the contractor is to be selected. Therefore, this study assesses the factors that determine the choice of contractors' prequalification criteria for civil engineering project. The purpose is to bring the unrecognised factors into limelight by establishing the degree of their relevance on the choice of contractor's prequalification criteria as well as ascertaining their importance to meeting stakeholder's objectives. The objectives include identifying the factors which determine the choice of contractors' prequalification criteria for civil engineering project and assess the importance of the factors to meeting stakeholders' expectation. The study employ well-structured questionnaire distributed to various category of respondents comprising Civil/Structural Engineers, Quantity Surveyors and Architects engaging in civil engineering project. It adopts percentile, mean item score (MIS) and relative importance index (RII) in the analysis of the data derived from the retrieved questionnaire. Result indicates that, apart from Civil/Structural Engineers, employment into civil engineering organizations favours Quantity Surveyors than Architects. Construction of building is paramount among civil engineering organizations with little involvement in railway project. The choice of contractors' prequalification criteria for civil engineering project is dictated by a number of factors with project type emerging the most influential. Importance of the factors touches the client, consultants and contractor. It recommends that Quantity Surveyors should embrace continuous professional development. Factors influencing the choice of contractors' prequalification criteria must be duly considered before taking final decision on the criterion/criteria to adopt in choosing the contractor for civil engineering project prioritizing project type