Lattice thermal conductivity of graphene with conventionally isotopic defects

The thermal conductivity of doped graphene flake of finite size is investigated with emphasis on the influence of mass of substituting atoms on this property. It is shown that the graphene doping by small concentrations of relatively heavy atoms results in a disproportionately impressive drop of lattice thermal conductivity.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

AN ANALYSIS ON THE VIOLATION OF COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES IN THE FILM AVENGERS

This research is an analysis on the violation of cooperative principles in the movie  Avengers that also describes the type of violation of cooperative principle contained in every conversation in the movie.  The research is conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The subject of this research is the conversation that occurs in the movie Avengers, whilst the object of this research is the data containing forms of every conversation violations of the cooperative principle in the movie Avengers. The technique used in collecting data is called note technique. The data obtained is classified based on the form of violation of cooperative principles. The result of the research shows that the form of violation of the cooperative principle that occurs in the Avengers movie consists of four maxims: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relevance, and the maxim of manner. The violation on the maxim of cooperation occurs because of the same knowledge held by the speech participants and the speech partners in discussing a problem, clarifying information, and changing the subject.Keywords: Violations of cooperative principles, maxim, movie, avengers

Low-temperature thermal conductivity in polycrystalline graphene

The low-temperature thermal conductivity in polycrystalline graphene is theoretically studied. The contributions from three branches of acoustic phonons are calculated by taking into account scattering on sample borders, point defects and grain boundaries. Phonon scattering due to sample borders and grain boundaries is shown to result in a $T^{\alpha}$-behaviour in the thermal conductivity where $\alpha$ varies between 1 and 2. This behaviour is found to be more pronounced for nanosized grain boundaries. PACS: 65.80.Ck, 81.05.ue, 73.43.C

The Sandwich Generation Diner: Development of a Web-Based Health Intervention for Intergenerational Caregivers

Background: Women are disproportionately likely to assist aging family members; approximately 53 million in the United States are involved with the health care of aging parents, in-laws, or other relatives. The busy schedules of “sandwich generation” women who care for older relatives require accessible and flexible health education, including Web-based approaches. Objective: This paper describes the development and implementation of a Web-based health education intervention, The Sandwich Generation Diner, as a tool for intergenerational caregivers of older adults with physical and cognitive impairments. Methods: We used Bartholomew’s Intervention Mapping (IM) process to develop our theory-based health education program. Bandura’s (1997) self-efficacy theory provided the overarching theoretical model. Results: The Sandwich Generation Diner website features four modules that address specific health care concerns. Our research involves randomly assigning caregiver participants to one of two experimental conditions that are identical in the type of information provided, but vary significantly in the presentation. In addition to structured Web-based assessments, specific website usage data are recorded. Conclusions: The Sandwich Generation Diner was developed to address some of the informational and self-efficacy needs of intergenerational female caregivers. The next step is to demonstrate that this intervention is: (1) attractive and effective with families assisting older adults, and (2) feasible to embed within routine home health services for older adults

Phonons and thermal transport in Si/SiO2_2 multishell nanotubes: Atomistic study

Thermal transport in the Si/SiO$_2$ multishell nanotubes is investigated theoretically. The phonon energy spectra are obtained using the atomistic Lattice Dynamics approach. Thermal conductivity is calculated using the Boltzmann transport equation within the relaxation time approximation. Redistribution of the vibrational spectra in multishell nanotubes leads to a decrease of the phonon group velocity and the thermal conductivity as compared to homogeneous Si nanowires. Phonon scattering on the Si/SiO$_2$ interfaces is another key factor of strong reduction of the thermal conductivity in these structures (down to 0.2 W/mK at room temperature). We demonstrate that phonon thermal transport in Si/SiO$_2$ nanotubes can be efficiently suppressed by a proper choice of nanotube's geometrical parameters: lateral cross-section, thickness and number of shells.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Excitons in the wurtzite AlGaN/GaN quantum-well heterostructures

We have theoretically studied exciton states and photoluminescence spectra of strained wurtzite AlGaN/GaN quantum-well heterostructures. The electron and hole energy spectra are obtained by numerically solving the Schr\"odinger equation, both for a single-band Hamiltonian and for a non-symmetrical 6-band Hamiltonian. The deformation potential and spin-orbit interaction are taken into account. For increasing built-in field, generated by the piezoelectric polarization and by the spontaneous polarization, the energy of size quantization rises and the number of size quantized electron and hole levels in a quantum well decreases. The exciton energy spectrum is obtained using electron and hole wave functions and two-dimensional Coulomb wave functions as a basis. We have calculated the exciton oscillator strengths and identified the exciton states active in optical absorption. For different values of the Al content x, a quantitative interpretation, in a good agreement with experiment, is provided for (i) the red shift of the zero-phonon photoluminescence peaks for increasing the quantum-well width, (ii) the relative intensities of the zero-phonon and one-phonon photoluminescence peaks, found within the non-adiabatic approach, and (iii) the values of the photoluminescence decay time as a function of the quantum-well width.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figure

Prarancangan Pabrik Bioetanol Dari Jerami Padi Dengan Proses Hidrolisis Dan Fermentasi Kapasitas 64.000 Kilo Liter/Tahun

Pabrik ini menggunakan jerami padi sebagai bahan baku. Emisi karbon dari bahan bakar alternatif ini yaitu lebih rendah daripada premium sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan. Bioetanol dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku industri turunan alkohol, bahan dasar industri farmasi, campuran bahan bakar untuk kendaraan dan lain-lain. Bioetanol yang dimanfaatkan sebagai campuran bahan bakar untuk kendaraan harus betul-betul kering dan anhydrous supaya tidak korosif, sehingga etanol/bioetanol harus mempunyai grade sebesar 99,5-100%-vol. Produksi jerami padi di Jawa Timur berkisar antara 10 juta ton pertahun. Dengan jumlah yang cukup besar tersebut, jerami padi yang merupakan limbah sisa saat padi dipanen, dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif bahan baku bioetanol yang cukup bagus di Indonesia. Bioetanol dapat diperoleh melalui proses fermentasi yang melibatkan mikroorganisme. Mikroorganisme yang digunakan adalah Trichordema Reesei yang menghasilkan enzim selulase yang dapat memecah selulosa. Digunakan juga Zymomonas Mobilis yang dapat mengkorversi glukosa menjadi bioetanol. Sebelum proses fermentasi, umpan berupa jerami padi dimasukkan ke dalam tangki hidrolisis untuk memecah lignin. Proses yang dipilih adalah hidrolisis enzim. Setelah proses hidrolisis, masuk ke dalam proses fermentasi. Setelah kurun waktu tertentu dan proses fermentasi selesai, dilanjutkan dengan proses distilasi yang kemudian menuju proses adsorbsi menggunakan molecular sieve sehingga diperoleh bioetanol dengan kadar 99,5%. Proses pembuatan bioetanol ini berlangsung selama 24 jam/hari, selama 330 hari/tahun dengan perencanaan sebagai berikut: Kapasitas produksi : 64.000 kL/tahun Bahan baku jerami padi : 4.077.921,29 ton/tahun Pabrik bioetanol ini akan didirikan pada tahun 2018 di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Karena berdekatan dengan bahan baku, dan adanya kemudahan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air. Dari segi analisa ekonomi diperoleh hasil-hasil sebagai berikut : Modal Tetap (FCI) : Rp. 100.517.092.113,88 Modal Kerja (WCI) : Rp. 17.738.310.373,04 Total Investasi (TCI) : Rp. 118.255.402.486,91 Internal Rate of Return : 62,84 % Pay Out Time : 1,37 tahun BEP : 42,32 % Dari uraian di atas, secara teknis dan ekonomis, pabrik ini layak untuk didirikan

Exact summation of leading infrared logarithms in 2D effective field theories

A method of exact all-order summation of leading infrared logarithms in two dimensional massless $\Phi^4$-type non-renormalizable effective field theories (EFTs) is developed. The method is applied to the ${\rm O}(N)$-symmetric EFT, which is a two-dimensional sibling of the four dimensional ${\rm O}(N+1)/{\rm O}(N)$ sigma-model. For the first time the exact all-order summation of the $\left(E^{2} \ln(1/E)\right)^n$ contributions (chiral logarithms) for the $2 \to 2$ scattering amplitudes is performed in closed analytical form. The cases when the resulting amplitudes turn to be meromorphic functions with an infinite number of poles (Landau poles) are identified. This provides the first explicit example of quasi-renormalizable field theories.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figure

Expecting the unexpected : Temporal expectation increases the flash-grab effect

Acknowledgments EvH, TB, KC, and HH were supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council's Discovery Projects funding scheme (project DP180102268). PC was supported by grants from Dartmouth College and from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada.Peer reviewedPublisher PD