Natural spawning of four Epinephelus species in the laboratory

Natural spawnings of four Epinephelus species reared in the laboratory were observed from 1987 to 1992. These species are: E. summana, E. caeruleopunctatus, E. macrospilus and E. fuscoguttatus. Spawning was serial, usually occurring at night, on or 1-6 days after the new moon. Egg characteristics of these four species were compared. Fertilized egg and early larval development of E. summana and E. fuscoguttatus are discussed

STUDENT LEARNING RESULTS ON ADDING FRACTIONS USING THE REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) APPROACH: AN IMPROVEMENT EFFORT

The low understanding of 5th-grade students at SDN Ukirsari on adding fractionsbecame the reason for this research. The issue arises because learning approaches tend to be less student-oriented and do not utilize learning media. The RME (Realistic Mathematic Education) approach is implemented as a corrective action to address this issue. This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and Mc. Taggart model which is characterized by each cycle including 4 stages (planning, acting, observation, reflection). To obtain data on action processes and learning outcomes, observation and test techniques are used. The targets for the success of this research were achieved in cycle II. The results of data analysis on cycle I and II learning outcomes prove that there is an increase in the percentage of students' completion after using the RME approach. Based on data analysis from observations, it can be seen that there has been a change in the quality  of  the  learning  process  to  become  student-centered.  So,  the  RME approach succeeded in improving the learning outcomes of 5th-grade students at SDN Ukirsari on the concept of adding fractions and was also able to encourage students to be more active during the learning process. Keywords: RME, Fractions, Elementary school.The low understanding of 5th-grade students at SDN Ukirsari on adding fractions became the reason for this research. The issue arises because learning approaches tend to be less student-oriented and do not utilize learning media. The RME (Realistic Mathematic Education) approach is implemented as a corrective action to address this issue. This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and Mc. Taggart model which is characterized by each cycle including 4 stages (planning, acting, observation, reflection). To obtain data on action processes and learning outcomes, observation and test techniques are used. The targets for the success of this research were achieved in cycle II. The results of data analysis on cycle I and II learning outcomes prove that there is an increase in the percentage of students' completion after using the RME approach. Based on data analysis from observations, it can be seen that there has been a change in the quality  of  the  learning  process  to  become  student-centered.  So,  the  RME approach succeeded in improving the learning outcomes of 5th-grade students at SDN Ukirsari on the concept of adding fractions and was also able to encourage students to be more active during the learning process.Keywords: RME, Fractions, Elementary school

Assessment of bioaccumulation of cu and Pb in experimentally exposed spiders, Lycosa terrestris and Pardosa birmanica, using different exposure routes

© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Major concerns exist regarding the environmental and human health risks caused by exposure to heavy metals. Spiders are often used as a model in ecotoxicological studies to assess soil pollution. Here, we measured the bioaccumulation of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in spiders, Lycosa terrestris and Pardosa birmanica, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We investigated whether Cu and Pb accumulation differs according to different spider species, single versus combined metal exposure, and routes of exposure. Spiders were exposed to 10mM CuSO4 and 10mM PbCl2 solutions separately or in combination (10mM + 10mM) through different exposure routes (spiked soil and food) for 6weeks. The effect of metals on the survival and body mass of exposed and unexposed (control) spiders was determined. We found that in both spider species, accumulation of metals increased with exposure time. In single metal exposure, Cu accumulation from food was higher than soil exposure in both spider species, whereas the opposite was observed for Pb. The simultaneous uptake of Cu and Pb significantly decreased from food and soil, respectively. Soil exposure caused more accumulation of metals in L. terrestris than P. birmanica. Metal exposure via contaminated food caused higher mortality compared to soil exposure. Body mass of both spider species was significantly decreased and negatively correlated with metal’s concentration. Overall, our results show that bioaccumulation efficiency of Cu and Pb differs significantly in spiders exposed to metal’s mixture compared to single metal exposure and is dependent on the exposure route, the type of metal, and spider species. More understanding of the effects of exposure to metal mixture and exposure routes is essential for designing and supporting risk assessment and ecological monitoring programs

Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Pattern on the Oral Microbiome of Elite Endurance Athletes

Although the oral microbiota is known to play a crucial role in human health, there are few studies of diet x oral microbiota interactions, and none in elite athletes who may manipulate their intakes of macronutrients to achieve different metabolic adaptations in pursuit of optimal endurance performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the shifts in the oral microbiome of elite male endurance race walkers from Europe, Asia, the Americas and Australia, in response to one of three dietary patterns often used by athletes during a period of intensified training: a High Carbohydrate (HCHO; = 9; with 60% energy intake from carbohydrates; ~8.5 g kg day carbohydrate, ~2.1 g kg day protein, 1.2 g kg day fat) diet, a Periodised Carbohydrate (PCHO; = 10; same macronutrient composition as HCHO, but the intake of carbohydrates is different across the day and throughout the week to support training sessions with high or low carbohydrate availability) diet or a ketogenic Low Carbohydrate High Fat (LCHF; = 10; 0.5 g kg day carbohydrate; 78% energy as fat; 2.1 g kg day protein) diet. Saliva samples were collected both before (Baseline; BL) and after the three-week period (Post treatment; PT) and the oral microbiota profiles for each athlete were produced by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Principal coordinates analysis of the oral microbiota profiles based on the weighted UniFrac distance measure did not reveal any specific clustering with respect to diet or athlete ethnic origin, either at baseline (BL) or following the diet-training period. However, discriminant analyses of the oral microbiota profiles by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) and sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) did reveal changes in the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa, and, particularly, when comparing the microbiota profiles following consumption of the carbohydrate-based diets with the LCHF diet. These analyses showed that following consumption of the LCHF diet the relative abundances of and spp. were decreased, and the relative abundance of spp. was increased. Such findings suggest that diet, and, in particular, the LCHF diet can induce changes in the oral microbiota of elite endurance walkers

Analyzing Digital Image by Deep Learning for Melanoma Diagnosis

Image classi cation is an important task in many medical applications, in order to achieve an adequate diagnostic of di erent le- sions. Melanoma is a frequent kind of skin cancer, which most of them can be detected by visual exploration. Heterogeneity and database size are the most important di culties to overcome in order to obtain a good classi cation performance. In this work, a deep learning based method for accurate classi cation of wound regions is proposed. Raw images are fed into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) producing a probability of being a melanoma or a non-melanoma. Alexnet and GoogLeNet were used due to their well-known e ectiveness. Moreover, data augmentation was used to increase the number of input images. Experiments show that the compared models can achieve high performance in terms of mean ac- curacy with very few data and without any preprocessing.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN CENTRAL AND REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS IN THE EDUCATION SERVICE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN SANGGAU DISTRICT-INDONESIA

Background Problems, Sanggau District is an area located on the border of Indonesia and Malasyia. The regions are troubled by basic infrastructure constraints, such as in the education field. The blurred portrait of education is nothing new, nor is it in Sanggau District of WestKalimantan, an immediate border with Malaysia. There are about 30% illiteracy and 5-10% drop out (Sanggau Education Office: Hamid, 2015). School facilities and infrastructure are very limited. There are students who have never seen a computer, but followed the lesson of Information and Communication Technology (Survey Report of Budget ManagementEffectiveness BNPP 2016). Similarly, the number of classrooms is very minimal and not feasible, the room sealer using plastic tents. Various educational issues in thearea can not be separated from the poor management of national and local education services system providedby the Central and Regional Governments. The overlapping of policies between the central and regional governments is the evidence of the ineffectiveness of institutional relations between the central government and regional government. Problem Outline: 1). What is the Effectiveness of Institutional Relations between Central and Regional Government in the education service of elementaryschool in Sanggau District? 2). What are the driving factors and obstacles. Specific Targets:Recommendations of policy for institutional relations between central and regionalgovernments in education services.The theory of analysis used isInstitutional, Central and Regional Relations and Education Services Theory. Research Methods: Descriptive. Qualitative approach. Data collection techniques: Observation, Interview and Documentation. Determination of Informants Technique: Purposive and Accidental. Data Analysis uses Macc Nabb, Data Validity Test uses Triangulation. Results :The minister of Education and culture affair in giving elementaryeducation services have make coordination with either center government and region government such as with BNPP, BAPPENAS, The minister of general working, BPS, BAPPEDA, and healthy institution, butstill in unefectively caused by not based on MOU in their colaboration. Even in regional government still not in intensively. So the problem and need of society on elementary education not available well.Keywords: Effectiveness, Central Government, Regional Government, Service,Education, Elementary Schoo