Optimizing Service Differentiation Scheme with Sized-based Queue Management in DiffServ Networks

In this paper we introduced Modified Sized-based Queue Management as a dropping scheme that aims to fairly prioritize and allocate more service to VoIP traffic over bulk data like FTP as the former one usually has small packet size with less impact to the network congestion. In the same time, we want to guarantee that this prioritization is fair enough for both traffic types. On the other hand we study the total link delay over the congestive link with the attempt to alleviate this congestion as much as possible at the by function of early congestion notification. Our M-SQM scheme has been evaluated with NS2 experiments to measure the packets received from both and total link-delay for different traffic. The performance evaluation results of M-SQM have been validated and graphically compared with the performance of other three legacy AQMs (RED, RIO, and PI). It is depicted that our M-SQM outperformed these AQMs in providing QoS level of service differentiation.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, Submitted to Journal of Telecommunication

Procyclical Monetary Policy and Governance

Weak governance adversely affects firm’s net worth and consequently the value of its collateral. This negative impact on the collateral reduces the external credit available for importing inputs constraining potential output. As a result, a stronger procyclical monetary policy stance is adopted for protecting the exchange rate and hence arresting the degradation in the collateral constraint.Collateral Constraints; Governance; Monetary Policy

Estimating Standard Error of Inflation Rate in Pakistan: A Stochastic Approach

“The answer to the question what is the mean of a given set of magnitudes cannot in general be found, unless there is given also the object for the sake of which a mean value is required. There are as many kinds of average as many purposes; and we may almost say in the matter of prices as many purposes as many writers.” Edgeworth (1888). We estimate standard errors (S.Es.) of month on month and year on year inflation in Pakistan based on data for the period of July 2001 to June 2010 using the stochastic approach as well as extended stochastic approach to index numbers. We develop a mechanism to estimate S.E. of period average headline inflation (rate) using these approaches. This mechanism is then applied to estimate S.Es. of 12-month average rate of inflation in Pakistan for July 2003 to June 2010. The systematic changes in the relative prices of different groups in the CPI basket for Pakistan are also estimated. The highest (positive) relative price inflation occurred in ‘food, beverages and tobacco’ group and the lowest (negative) for ‘recreation and entertainment’ group, during fiscal years 2001 to 2010. JEL classification: C13, C43, E31 Keywords: Estimation, Index Numbers, Inflation Rate, Standard Erro

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Reirradiation of Localized Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas

AbstractBackgroundLocal control rates are poor in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We investigated the role of hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for salvage or boost treatment after conventional doses of external beam radiation therapy.MethodsAll patients treated with SBRT for pancreatic adenocarcinoma at Georgetown University from June 2002 through July 2007 were examined. Eligible patients had prior external beam radiation therapy to the pancreas. Treatment parameters and clinical and radiographic follow-up were evaluated.ResultsTwenty-eight patients were identified who received SBRT after a median prior external beam radiotherapy dose of 50.4 Gy. The median patient age was 63 years old and the median follow-up was 5.9 months. Twelve of fourteen (85.7%) evaluable patients were free from local progression, with three partial responses and nine patients with stable disease. Toxicity consisted of one case of acute Grade II nausea/vomiting, and two cases of Grade III late GI toxicity. The median overall survival was 5.9 months, with 18% survival and 70% freedom from local progression at one year.ConclusionsHypofractionated SBRT reirradiation of localized pancreatic cancer is a well-tolerated treatment. Most patients are free from local progression, albeit with limited follow-up, but overall survival remains poor.Peer Reviewe

Self Consistent Simulation of C-V Characterization and Ballistic Performance of Double Gate SOI Flexible-FET Incorporating QM Effects

Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) & Ballistic Current- Voltage (I-V) characteristics of Double Gate (DG) Silicon-on- Insulator (SOI) Flexible FETs having sub 35nm dimensions are obtained by self-consistent method using coupled Schrodinger- Poisson solver taking into account the quantum mechanical effects. Although, ATLAS simulations to determine current and other short channel effects in this device have been demonstrated in recent literature, C-V & Ballistic I-V characterizations by using self-consistent method are yet to be reported. C-V characteristic of this device is investigated here with the variation of bottom gate voltage. The depletion to accumulation transition point (i.e. Threshold voltage) of the C-V curve should shift in the positive direction when the bottom gate is negatively biased and our simulation results validate this phenomenon. Ballistic performance of this device has also been studied with the variation of top gate voltage.Comment: 4 pages, ICEDSA 2012 conferenc

Apparatus and method for layered modeling of intended objects represented in STL format and adaptive slicing thereof

A device for automating operation of a stereolithography apparatus uses an STL file as an input and includes a programmable computer, a facet processor that sorts the facets of the STL file according to a predetermined slice axis. The facet processor also groups the sorted facets according to those having common minimum vertex values with respect to the slice axis. The facet processor also subgroups the grouped facet file according to facets having common maximum vertex values with respect to the slice axis. A key characteristic identifier identifies key characteristics of the STL file. A thickness calculator determines the thickness of each layer of the model according to a geometrical error of preselected magnitude. A slicer calculates the intersection of each sliced plane by the calculated thickness. A directional ordering device insures uniformity with the direction of each other contour that defines the intersection. A model generator uses the layer thickness and intersection information to generate a portion of a model. An interface device controls the operation of the machine based on the model that is generated

A Physically Based Analytical Modeling of Threshold Voltage Control for Fully-Depleted SOI Double Gate NMOS-PMOS Flexible-FET

In this work, we propose an explicit analytical equation to show the variation of top gate threshold voltage with respect to the JFET bottom gate voltage for a Flexible Threshold Voltage Field Effect Transistor (Flexible-FET) by solving 2-D Poisson's equation with appropriate boundary conditions, incorporating Young's parabolic approximation. The proposed model illustrates excellent match with the experimental results for both n-channel and p-channel 180nm Flexible-FETs. Threshold voltage variation with several important device parameters (oxide and silicon channel thickness, doping concentration) is observed which yields qualitative matching with results obtained from SILVACO simulations.Comment: 4 pages, EIT 2012-IUPUI conferenc

GBS Platform Evaluation Using Field Instrumentation

A case history of the foundation behaviour of an offshore gravity base structure (GBS) is presented. The platform rests on an overconsolidated fissured clay, bounded, top and bottom, by pervious sand layers. Sixteen piezometers have been placed within this 30 m layer. Based on one-dimensional consolidation theory, independent analyses using both settlement and pore pressure measurements indicated a high degree of consolidation had occurred much sooner than was estimated in the initial design phase. These analyses indicated that laboratory oedometer tests underpredicted the coefficient of consolidation by one to two orders of magnitude. Updated settlements and stability analyses yielded 50% of the initially anticipated settlement and a 20% increase in the available safety factor. In addition, the certainty that the theory relating pore pressure to settlements was appropriate, led to confidence in the piezometer performance, and in turn the procedure used to install them