Development and Life Table Parameters of Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Four Ornamental Plants

PubMedID: 26951150The development, reproduction, and life table parameters of the Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on four ornamental plant species, namely Pelargonium zonale (Geraniaceae), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Hibicus syriacus (Malvaceae), and Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae) were investigated under controlled conditions (25 ± 2°C, 60 ± 10% R.H., and 16 h photophase). Life table data were analyzed by using an age-stage two-sex life table. The shortest total immature developmental time of females and males for P. madeirensis was obtained on C. nocturnum (20.42 and 21.90 days, respectively). The highest fecundities were 233 and 232 eggs on C. nocturnum and H. syriacus, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.1511 day-1) and finite rate of increase (? = 1.1631 day-1) were the greatest when mealybugs were reared on C. nocturnum. Net reproductive rate (R0 = 129.5 offspring) was the greatest when reared on H. syriacus, but this value was not statistically different from that on C. nocturnum. The shortest mean generation time (T = 31.3 days) was calculated on C. nocturnum. These results indicate that C. nocturnum and H. syriacus are more suitable hosts than H. rosa-sinensis and P. zonale for P. madeirensis. © 2016, Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil

Effects of some fungicides on Isaria farinosa, and in vitro growth and infection rate on Planococcus citri

The effects of some fungicides used against citrus diseases, on mycelial growth and conidial germination of Isaria farinosa (Holmsk.) Fries [Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales] and also on the pathogenicity of the fungus on citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), were determined. Systemic fungicides such as tebuconazole, penconazole and nuarimol were the most effective as regards both conidial germination and mycelial growth. Protective fungicides such as captan, chlorothalonil, mancozeb and propineb inhibited conidial germination at between 1 and 5 mu g ml(-1) concentration, but captan, chlorothalonil and propineb did not inhibit the mycelial growth at 5,000 mu g ml(-1). Mancozeb inhibited mycelial growth between 2,500 and 5,000 mu g ml(-1). Sulphur and copper oxychloride did not inhibit the fungus even at very high concentrations. Sulphur, copper oxychloride, fosetyl-al, chlorothalonil and carbendazim did not decrease the mortality percentage caused by I. farinosa. Tebuconazole, penconazole and mancozeb were the most effective and respectively reduced the mortality from 83% to 33%, 28% and 30% in the ovisacs, from 81% to 29%, 27% and 29% in the 1st instar larvae, and from 84% to 34% in the adult females

Feeding behavior of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri mealybugs parasitized by Anagyrus pseudococci

The citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) and the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are two worldwide polyphagous pests of citrus, vineyards and ornamental plants in greenhouses. Biological control of these pests may rely on the combined release of parasites and predators, which can be affected by intraguild predation (IGP). This Study investigated the feeding behavior of different stages of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on mealybugs parasitized by Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. The study was conducted in a climate-controlled room at 28 +/- 1 degrees C, 16L:81), and 65 +/- 10% r.h. The highest consumption values for all stages of C. montrouzieri occurred with 2- and 4-day parasitized mealybugs, whereas the predator did not feed on either species of mealybug parasitized for longer periods, due to the onset of mummification

Laboratory evaluation of the effectiveness of the entomopathogen; Isaria farinosa, on citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri

Citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the main pests on citrus trees. Biological control of the pest is based on the release of hymenopterous parasitoids and coccinellid predators at present. The effectiveness of entomopathogen fungus Isaria farinosa (Holmsk.) Fries ([Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales] (Syn: Paecilomyces farinosus), as an alternative biological control agent on citrus mealybug, was investigated using four different inoculum densities and different relative humidities (RH). The entomopathogen caused 89.39% mortality in ovisacs, 84.07% mortality in second larval stage, 84.53% mortality in adult females, and 78.71% mortality in first larval stage at 95% RH and at 1 x 10(8) conidia ml(-1) inoculum concentration. Percent mortalities were between 50 and 60 in ovisac, first and second larval stage at 95% RH and at 1 x 10(7) conidia ml(-1). Percent mortality was decreased parallel to the decrease in humidity level and inoculum densities; however, the fungus caused significant infection in 70% and 80% RH. These results demonstrated that the effectiveness of the entomopathogen is promising for biocontrol of citrus mealybug

Supplementary Material for: Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency

Introduction: Primary immunodeficiencies are a heterogeneous group of diseases associated with an increased incidence of infections, autoimmunity, autoinflammatory diseases, allergies, and cancer. Rhinosinusitis is one of the most common infections in these patients. In our study, we aimed to determine the presence of chronic rhinosinusitis in our patients with primary immunodeficiency and to investigate the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: Forty-four patients (age range: 4–26 years) diagnosed with primary immunodeficiency were enrolled in our study. Patients were interviewed about the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis, and nasal endoscopic examinations were performed prospectively. The results of laboratory tests, medications, skin allergy tests, and the patients’ lung computed tomography were retrospectively recorded from patient files. Results: The distribution of patients’ diagnoses included 38.6% (n = 17) primary antibody deficiencies, 6.6% (n = 3) combined immunodeficiencies, 27.3% (n = 12) combined immunodeficiencies with syndromic features, 6.8% (n = 3) phagocytic disorders, and 20.5% (n = 9) immune dysregulation disorders. There was no significant difference in the frequency of chronic rhinosinusitis among the different immunodeficiency groups. There were no significant differences between chronic rhinosinusitis and conditions such as atopy, hypogammaglobulinemia, and treatments with immunoglobulin and/or azithromycin. The incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis was 77.8% (n = 7) in patients with a history of acute sinusitis and 20% (n = 7) in patients without a history of sinusitis, with a statistically significant difference between them (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Chronic rhinosinusitis is more common in patients with primary immunodeficiencies than in the normal population. For effective treatment, it is necessary to identify the factors that cause chronic rhinosinusitis. Further studies involving larger patient populations are needed to explain the mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis