An examination of iranian penal policies to deal with administrative and economic corruptions, emphasizing the islamic penal code that's been adopted in 2013

Economic crime imposes very costs to society and because of its complexity detection and prosecution in difficult. So required some prehensive criminal policy. This research try to survey Iran's criminal policy about economic crimes with emphasis on new penal code, enacted in 2013. The results indicate that legislator has not been defined "economic crimes" term but is considered its instances according to articles 47, 36,109 of new penal code. Fighting against Economic Crimes must be including preventive measures and criminal reaction. Preventive measures has been coherent by dictating of United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) and fighting against Corruption internal code (2011) but Iran's legislator has not taken coherent policy to fighting economic crimes by criminal reaction . Although the new penal Code adopted some strict against this crimes but we couldn’t see a coherent policy against its;Keywords: criminal policy, economic crimes, economic corruption, Islamic Penal Codethat's been adopted in 2013

SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES AND EVALUATION OF ITS EFFICIENCY FOR ARSENIC REMOVAL FROM SIMULATED INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

In this study the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles for removal of trivalent arsenic from synthetic industrial wastewater was evaluated. The nanoparticles was prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray methods including XRD, XRF, and SEM, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that synthesized nanoparticles were in the size range of 40-300 nm, purity of about 90%, and magnetization of nanoparticles was 36.5emu/g. In initial conditions including: pH=7, As(III) concentration of 10 mg/L, nanomagnetite concentration of 1g/L, shaking speed of 250 rpm and 20 minute retention time, 82% of As (III) was removed. Competition from common coexisting ions such as Na+, Ni2+, Cu2+, SO42-, and Cl- was ignorable but for NO3- was significant. The adsorption data of magnetite nanoparticles fit well with Freundlich isotherm equations. The adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4 for As (Ill) at pH=7 was obtained as 23.8 mg/g. It was concluded that magnetite nanoparticles have considerable potential in removal of As(III) from synthetic industrial wastewaters

Recombinant erythropoietin and blood transfusion in very low birth weight infants

Background: Very low birth weight infants (<1500 g) frequently require blood transfusions because of repeated blood sampling accompanied by anemia of prematurity. Methods: In an attempt to identify the effect of human recombinant erythropoietin to decrease the requirement for blood transfusions, erythropoietin was administered to 24 preterm infants less than 1500 g prospectively from September 1999 till December 2000. Data about the characteristics of the population, the severity of diseases, and treatment with erythropoietin, clinical diagnosis, initial and subsequent hemoglobin, volume of blood loss, and the number of blood transfusions were recorded. These results were compared with data from the recorded information of 49 infants who did not receive erythropoietin during those past 2 years. There were no differences between the 2 groups with regard to the gestational age, birth weight, clinical diagnosis, severity of the illness, primary causes of admission, and initial hematologic parameters such as hemoglobin, hematocrit and reticulocytes. Erythropoietin was administered in a dose of 200 IU/kg three times weekly for 6-8 weeks accompanied with iron supplement 6 mg/kg/day. Transfusions were administered according to protocol. Results: There was no significant difference between the number of blood transfusion among these 2 groups (p=0.07). However, transfusions in the erythropoietin treated group were fewer in comparison to the other group (1.9 +/- 1.6 to 3.2 +/- 1.1). No difference was observed between final hemoglobin and hematocrit levels among the two groups (10.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 10.4 +/- 0.7 and 33.7 +/- 2.3 vs. 32.2 +/- 2.2). Conclusion: Very low birth weight infants receive frequent blood transfusions but a reduction in transfusion requirements was not apparent after administration of erythropoietin and iron in preterm infants in this study. However, the lack of impact on transfusion requirements fails to support routine use of erythropoietin

Magnetic studies of Bi x Y3-x Fe5O12 fabricated using conventional method

A series of Bi substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi-YIG) nanoparticles with nominal formula of BixY3 − xFe5O12 in which x varied in steps of 0.0, 0.25 and 0.5 are prepared by conventional method. Vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) at Room temperature (RT) shows saturation magnetization decreases from 27.4 to 25.2 (emu/g) as x value increases from 0.0 to 0.5. Room temperature 57Fe Mössbauer spectra are recorded for these series. The hyperfine field value for octahedral and tetrahedral of samples increases from 484 and 390 kOe to 491 and 397 kOe respectability, as Bi replaces Y in (BixY3 − xFe5O12) atom with increasing x value. The effect of Bi3 +  substitution for Y3 +  on lattice constants, morphology and magnetic properties of pure YIG has been investigated