Macrofaunal communities in the Gioia Canyon (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy)

Submarine canyons play pivotal roles in the physical, biological and ecological processes of coastal areas, especially in closed or semi-closed basins as the Mediterranean Sea, influencing the biodiversity and the abundance of the benthic fauna. On February 2013, during the Tyrrhenian Gravity Flows (TyGraF) campaign, samples have been collected along the Gioia Canyon Basin (Italy) with the aim to describe the taxonomical composition and the abundances of the macrobenthic assemblages, filling the gap of knowledge in this area. A total of 93 taxa were identified, and the Annelida was the phylum with the highest number of specimens and most diversified (46 taxa). The polychaetes Sternaspis scutata, Prionospio cirrifera and Monticellina sp., the bivalves Thyasira sp.1 and Saccella commutata and the amphipods belonging to the genera Ampelisca and Harpinia showed the highest densities in the studied area; however, results suggest low values of the abundances of the macrobenthos if compared with those generally reported for other canyons, both inside and outside the Mediterranean Sea. The marine biotic index (AMBI) highlights that the canyon system and the surrounded area were slightly disturbed and characterized by a high percentage of tolerant taxa. This study is the first baseline for future analyses of the macrobenthic communities of this area

An environmental assessment of risk in achieving good environmental status to support regional prioritisation of management in Europe

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) aims to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) in Europe's Seas. The requirement for regional sea authorities to identify and prioritise issues for management has meant that standardized methods to assess the current level of departure from GES are needed. The methodology presented here provides a means by which existing information describing the status of ecosystem components of a regional sea can be used to determine the effort required to achieve GES. A risk assessment framework was developed to score departure from GES for 10 out of the 11 GES descriptors, based on proposed definitions of 'good' status, and current knowledge of environmental status in each of the four regional seas (North-East Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea and Black Sea). This provides an approach for regional evaluation of environmental issues and national prioritisation of conservation objectives. Departure from GES definitions is described as 'high', 'moderate' or low' and the implications for management options and national policy decisions are discussed. While the criteria used in this study were developed specifically for application toward MSFD objectives, with modification the approach could be applied to evaluate other high-level social, economic or environmental objectives. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

UniMorph 4.0:Universal Morphology

The Universal Morphology (UniMorph) project is a collaborative effort providing broad-coverage instantiated normalized morphological inflection tables for hundreds of diverse world languages. The project comprises two major thrusts: a language-independent feature schema for rich morphological annotation and a type-level resource of annotated data in diverse languages realizing that schema. This paper presents the expansions and improvements made on several fronts over the last couple of years (since McCarthy et al. (2020)). Collaborative efforts by numerous linguists have added 67 new languages, including 30 endangered languages. We have implemented several improvements to the extraction pipeline to tackle some issues, e.g. missing gender and macron information. We have also amended the schema to use a hierarchical structure that is needed for morphological phenomena like multiple-argument agreement and case stacking, while adding some missing morphological features to make the schema more inclusive. In light of the last UniMorph release, we also augmented the database with morpheme segmentation for 16 languages. Lastly, this new release makes a push towards inclusion of derivational morphology in UniMorph by enriching the data and annotation schema with instances representing derivational processes from MorphyNet

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Effects of the Crisis in Greece: A "Special Case" or a "Test Case"?

This paper discusses the management of the crisis in Greece, arguing that it was based on a series of diagnoses that justified fiscal discipline by stigmatizing the Greek economy and society, and that it had a narrow understanding of the reasons for Greece’s deteriorating competitiveness. I begin by critically examining a series of diagnoses that take a “rent-seeking” approach as a common starting point. I then argue that the chosen treatment of “internal devaluation” was based on questionable perceptions of labor costs and public expenditure during the pre-crisis period in Greece, a treatment which then aggravated recession. I follow up with an overview of the socio-political consequences of the crisis (unemployment, poverty, social deregulation, rise of neofascism). In conclusion, I point to the premises of methodological nationalism, both in neoliberal and neo-Keynesian understandings of the crisis. Such views disregard the fact that states have prioritized the strengthening of the global financial system and its rescue in times of crisis, as well as the process of a deepening neoliberalism within the EU – even at a constitutional level through the Fiscal Compact – in which management of the Greek crisis has been inscribed.Der Beitrag analysiert das Management der Krise in Griechenland. Grundlage des Krisenmanagements, so die Argumentation, waren Diagnosen, die über eine Stigmatisierung der griechischen Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft eine strengere Haushaltsdisziplin rechtfertigten, sowie ein allzu eng gefasstes Verständnis der schwindenden Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Landes. Ausgehend von einer kritischen Bestandsaufnahme des „Rent-Seeking“-Ansatzes wird dargelegt, dass die gewählte Strategie der „internen Abwertung“ nicht nur auf einer fragwürdigen Beurteilung der Entwicklung von Lohnkosten und öffentlichen Ausgaben während der Vorkrisenperiode in Griechenland beruht, sondern auch die wirtschaftliche Rezession verschärft hat. Schließlich bietet der Beitrag einen Überblick über die soziopolitischen Konsequenzen der Krise (Unterbeschäftigung, Armut, soziale Deregulierung, Neofaschismus). Sowohl das neoliberale wie auch das neo-keynesianische Krisenverständnis beruhen auf den Prämissen des methodologischen Nationalismus. Diese Betrachtungsweise lässt jedoch außer Acht, dass Staaten der Rettung und Stärkung des globalen Finanzsystems in Krisenzeiten höchste Priorität einräumen und dass das Management der Krise in Griechenland durch den Europäischen Fiskalpakt auch auf konstitutioneller Ebene mit dem Vertiefungsprozess des Neoliberalismus in der Europäischen Union verwoben ist.1 Introduction 2 The diagnosis: Greece as a rent-seeker A society “living beyond its means” The instrumentalization of the rent-seeking approach 3 Treatment for the Greek crisis: Memoranda of Understanding between Greece and the troika Internal devaluation and labor Social and political consequences of the crisis 4 Final remarks Reference

Der Modernisierungsprozess staatlicher Sozialkontrolle – Aspekte einer politischen Kriminologie : Transformationen des Staates und der sozialen Kontrolle im Zeichen des Neoliberalismus

Wie verändert sich die offizielle Sozialkontrolle des Staates im Rahmen der wirtschaftlichen und politischen Globalisierung? Am Beispiel der Neoliberalisierung der sozialen Kontrolle und der Kriminalpolitik werden in dieser Arbeit unterschiedliche Aspekte des postnationalen, postkeynesianischen Staates untersucht