Increased Risk of Stress and Sleep Disturbance among E-Learners Due To Covid Lockdown

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown across the globe has resulted in a major depression among the people making children and adolescents the most vulnerable group. E-Learning has also put pressure on them not only physically but also psychologically. The over usage of electronic gadgets will lead to disturbing and alarming side effects in the long run. Stress and increased usage of modern gadgets due to the pandemic times can lead to sleep deprivation ruining a healthy living. In this article, we put forward the ways in which lifestyle has become deteriorated during this pandemic and what we can do about it to overcome the hardships so that we can build a healthier lifestyle without becoming the victims of psychiatric and psychological disorders. &nbsp

Heat Stable Bacteriocin from Lactobacillus Paracasei subsp. Tolerans Isolated from Locally Available Cheese: An in Vitro Study

Lactic acid bacteria (135) were isolated and screened for bacteriocin production by agar overlay method. Among them, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans isolated from locally available cheese showed maximum zone of inhibition (24-26 mm) against food borne (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus) and human pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi). Bacteriocin was found to be proteinaceous in nature, heat stable (1210 C for 15 min) and active over a wide pH range of 4.0-8.0. It showed stability (60 %) for 30 days at room temperature (30- 320C). Addition of surfactants (EDTA, SDS, hexadecyl trimethylamonium bromide) up to 1% to crude bacteriocin showed increase in antibacterial activity where as metal ions (calcium chloride, zinc sulphate and mercuric chloride) in low concentration (0.5-1 mgl-1) decreased the activity. The bacteriocin was purified to its homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography and HPLC. Molecular weight of bacteriocin was found to be 8.6 and 8.3 KDa by SDS PAGE and LC/MS respectively. Maximum Bacteriocin production was obtained at 35ºC, pH 7.0, NaCl (0.2%) after 28h of incubation. Addition of L-Ascorbic acid increased bactreiocin production. Our present study demonstrates the possibility of using L. paracasei subsp. tolerans as a biopreservative in dairy industry

Performance Analysis of Hoeffding Trees in Data Streams by Using Massive Online Analysis Framewor

Present work is mainly concerned with the understanding of the problem of classification from the data stream perspective on evolving streams using massive online analysis framework with regard to different Hoeffding trees. Advancement of the technology both in the area of hardware and software has led to the rapid storage of data in huge volumes. Such data is referred to as a data stream. Traditional data mining methods are not capable of handling data streams because of the ubiquitous nature of data streams. The challenging task is how to store, analyse and visualise such large volumes of data. Massive data mining is a solution for these challenges. In the present analysis five different Hoeffding trees are used on the available eight dataset generators of massive online analysis framework and the results predict that stagger generator happens to be the best performer for different classifiers

Histological Structure of Mice (Mus Musculus L.) Liver after Administration of Ethanol Extract and Spinasterol from Senggugu (Clerodendron Serratum L) Leaves

Senggugu (Clerodendron serratum) is a plant that used as traditional medicine. Additionally,C. serratum contains several compounds that are classified into natural antifertility products, namely: apigenin, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenes. This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effect of ethanol extract and spinasterol from C. serratum L. leaves on the mice liver. The study was used completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 6 replications.The mice was administrated the ethanol extract by dosages 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw, whereas spinasterol dose were 26 and 52 mg/kg bw, and for control were used distilled water and DMSO. The treatment was given orally by gavage for 9 and 18 constitutive days. The morphological and histopathological parameters were observed at the end of experimental period. The observation of liver morphology showed no significantly difference between all treatment groups compared control, while the liver histopathological showed significantly difference between the all treatment groups compared to control (p<0.05), except for the ethanol extract by dosage 250 mg/kg bw. The highest score of liver histopathology was shown by ethanol extract of 1000 mg/kg body weight. The score was based on the degeneration of parenchyma, as well as karyolisis and necrosis of hepatocytes. It can be concluded that the highest dose of ethanol extract and spinasterol of senggugu leaves was toxic against the liver histological structure of mice

Characterization of the Interaction between the Herpes Simplex Virus Type I Fc Receptor and Immunoglobulin G

Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) virions and HSV-1-infected cells bind to human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) via its Fc region. A complex of two surface glycoproteins encoded by HSV-1, gE and gI, is responsible for Fc binding. We have co-expressed soluble truncated forms of gE and gI in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Soluble gE-gI complexes can be purified from transfected cell supernatants using a purification scheme that is based upon the Fc receptor function of gE-gI. Using gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation, we determined that soluble gE-gI is a heterodimer composed of one molecule of gE and one molecule of gI and that gE-gI heterodimers bind hIgG with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Biosensor-based studies of the binding of wild type or mutant IgG proteins to soluble gE-gI indicate that histidine 435 at the CH2-CH3 domain interface of IgG is a critical residue for IgG binding to gE-gI. We observe many similarities between the characteristics of IgG binding by gE-gI and by rheumatoid factors and bacterial Fc receptors such as Staphylococcus aureus protein A. These observations support a model for the origin of some rheumatoid factors, in which they represent anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against antibodies to bacterial and viral Fc receptors

Partogram: an important tool in managing labour!

Background: Various types and designs of partographs are being used at various centers. WHO introduced simplified version of partogram, for the use by skilled birth attendant. Preprinted paper versions of the partograph are availableMethods: 100 antenatal women were selected for study. Patients with vertex presentation and singleton pregnancy were taken. Patients who came late in labour and those with cephalopelvic disproportion were not included in the study. Cervical Dilatation in cms was assessed by per vaginal examination every 2 hourly, fetal Heart Rate every ½ hourly, uterine contractions and maternal pulse measured every ½ hourly, maternal BP and temperature were measured every 4th hourly.Results: Using WHO simplified partogram, characteristics of labour and neonatal outcome was evaluated. Among the 100 women included in the study, 78 required augmentation of labour, here 6 of them crossed the alert line and underwent LSCS. Of the 22 women who did not require augmentation, 4 crossed the alert line and underwent LSCS.We didn’t find any difference in monitoring of labour using simplified version of WHO partogram compared with other partograms, apparently it’s more simpler to plot and easy to understand.Conclusions: An alert line on partogram should be based on lower 10th centile rate of cervical dilatation of the local population. We found this rate as 1cm/hr, which corresponds to the slope of alert lineon standard partogram. Based on this we conclude, simplified partogram is good enough for monitoring labour progress

RNase HI Is Essential for Survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis

RNases H are involved in the removal of RNA from RNA/DNA hybrids. Type I RNases H are thought to recognize and cleave the RNA/DNA duplex when at least four ribonucleotides are present. Here we investigated the importance of RNase H type I encoding genes for model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis. By performing gene replacement through homologous recombination, we demonstrate that each of the two presumable RNase H type I encoding genes, rnhA and MSMEG4305, can be removed from M. smegmatis genome without affecting the growth rate of the mutant. Further, we demonstrate that deletion of both RNases H type I encoding genes in M. smegmatis leads to synthetic lethality. Finally, we question the possibility of existence of RNase HI related alternative mode of initiation of DNA replication in M. smegmatis, the process initially discovered in Escherichia coli. We suspect that synthetic lethality of double mutant lacking RNases H type I is caused by formation of R-loops leading to collapse of replication forks. We report Mycobacterium smegmatis as the first bacterial species, where function of RNase H type I has been found essential.The study was supported by POIG.01.01.02-10-107/09 project implemented under Innovative Economy Operational Programme, years 2007–2013 "Studies of the molecular mechanisms at the interface the human organism - the pathogen - environmental factors" and by grant of Polish National Center of Science 2011/01/N/NZ6/04186 “Identification of a novel mechanism of initiation of DNA replication in Mycobacterium smegmatis”

Clinical and microbiological facets of ventilator associated pneumonia in the main stream with a practical contact

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), the most apparent infection in ICUs; life threatening, symbolizes an additional healthcare burden. Clinical traits and etiological agents vary. Early diagnosis is captious & apt tactic of quantitative culture is advocated. Regular surveillance is imperative to define strategies. The objective was to conceptualize VAP; put forth our experience of its occurrence, causative bacteria, clinical silhouette and associated variables; and to pattern antimicrobial resistance in ICUs; contributing this data to devise more pertinent approach.Methods: A prospective survey, executed at a tertiary care set up (multidisciplinary ICUs) analysed clinical and microbiological aspects of 120 patients (>48 hours-mechanical ventilation) in congruence with a clinical criteria of pneumonia by standard microbiological means. Cases were keenly observed to assess mortality.Results: Occurrence of VAP was 42.5% with dominance of males (65%) and age group of 41-60 years (Mean ± SD: 42.26 ± 19.53). Late onset type (60.8%) predominated. Principal symptom/sign was fever (82.5%)/crepitation (67.5%). Cases of OP poisoning (21.7%), associated diabetes mellitus (31.7%) were pre-eminent. Gram negative Bacteria (GNB) formed the major etiology (78.6%), cardinal being Acinetobacter baumannii (32.1%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25%). Multi-drug resistant (MDR)-Acinetobacter baumannii, MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, imipenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were noticed in 66.7%, 35%, 25% and 42.8% of respective isolates. Mortality record was 21.6%.Conclusions: Reliable mode of isolation (quantitative culture), less invasive sampling (ETA) and antibiotic recycling will augment VAP management. Regular intuition into contemporary trends of antimicrobial profile of etiological agents is crucial to avert undesirable consequences.

Role of uterine artery doppler at 18-22 weeks in the prediction of pre-eclampsia: a prospective study

Background: Pre-eclampsia is the most common pregnancy complication associated with serious maternal and fetal morbidity. Uterine artery Doppler reflects the impaired trophoblastic invasion of the uterine spiral arteries, which is involved in the aetiology of preeclampsia. Thus, uterine artery Doppler was proposed as a screening test for pre-eclampsia.Methods: A prospective cohort study of 100 singleton pregnancies was conducted in a tertiary centre and the study population were subjected to uterine artery Doppler study at 18-22 weeks gestation. Uterine artery Doppler indices of pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and persistence of diastolic notch was obtained and the outcome of pre-eclampsia was studied.Results: Out of 100 women, 14 women developed pre-eclampsia in which the resistance index showed a sensitivity of 21.4%, specificity of 91.8%, positive predictive value of 30% and negative predictive value of 87.7% and pulsatility index showed sensitivity of 35.7%, specificity of 90.6%, positive predictive value of 38.4% and negative predictive value of 89.6%. Diastolic notch had a sensitivity of 35.7%, specificity of 98.8%, positive predictive value of 83.3% and a negative predictive value of 90.4%.Conclusions: The high negative predictive values, indicated that women with normal Doppler velocimetry were unlikely to develop preeclampsia. Uterine artery Doppler, being non-invasive can be included during routine sonography to identify patients at risk of developing pre-eclampsia. Early, screening for pre-eclampsia will help in individualized antenatal surveillance and initiation of prophylactic therapy, early to reduce the adverse maternal and foetal complications of preeclampsia