153 research outputs found
Effect of Aloe vera on some indicators of cell damage after a period of aerobic exercise in male athletes
Introduction: Aloe vera is a medicinal plant with antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Aloe vera on some indicators of cell damage after a period of aerobic exercise in male athletes of 15-18 years old. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 20 male students with average weight of 64.85 ± 51 and height of 172.05 ± 6.4 were randomly assigned to 2 groups of Aloe vera supplement (n = 10) and placebo (n = 10). Then aerobic training was conducted for 4 weeks. The supplemented group took 3 capsules, each capsule contains 2 g of dried Aloe vera and placebo group took 3 capsules/day containing dextran after every meal. To determine the index of cell injury markers creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive protein C (CRP) were determined and blood samples were collected 24 hours before and after each test. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t test. Significance level was considered as P ≤ .05. Results: The use of Aloe vera during aerobic exercise significantly reduced LDH (P = .006) in the supplement group (15 reduction) compared to placebo group and CRP with 11 reduction in the supplement group compared to placebo (P = .008). There was no significant reduction in CK. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that Aloe vera reduces cell damage and inflammation indicators. This result may reflect the role of Aloe vera as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.</p
Determining the effect of aloe Vera and aerobic exercise on lactate de-hydrogenase in male athletes
Aloe Vera is a medicinal plant as antioxidants reduce cell damage and used. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Aloe Vera on lactate de-hydrogenase after a period of aerobic exercise in male athletes. Methods This study applied the method according to the nature of the study, based on semi-empirical research and a review of the pre-test, post-test supplements and placebo groups, respectively. In this study,20 male students weight was 64.85 ± .51 and height was 172.05 ± 6.4 were randomly assigned to two groups of Imam Ali College of Physical Education Supplement (n = 10) and placebo (10 people). Then aerobic training was conducted for 4 weeks in the supplemented group were taking 3 capsules, each capsule contains 2 grams of dried Aloe Vera and placebo group were taking 3 capsules containing Dextrin daily after every meal. To determine the index of LDH were used and blood samples were collected 24 hours before and after each test Cooper with student in the lab. To describe data, analytical data, and for the mean and standard deviation of repeated measures ANOVA and independent T-test was used for comparison between groups Significance level was P ≤ 0.05. The use of Aloe Vera during aerobic exercise significantly, cautious reduced LDH (P=0.006) in the supplement group compared to placebo was 15 reduction. Conclusion: Overall the findings of this study showed that Aloe Vera reduces lactate de-hydrogenase. This result may reflect the role of Aloe Vera has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
Vertebrobasilar Artery Occlusion
The presentation of vertebrobasilar artery occlusion varies with the cause of occlusion and location of ischemia. This often results in delay in diagnosis. Areas of the brain supplied by the posterior circulation are difficult to visualize and usually require angiography or magnetic resonance imaging. Intravenous thrombolysis and local-intra arterial thrombolysis are the most common treatment approaches used. Recanalization of the occluded vessel significantly improves morbidity and mortality. Here we present a review of the literature and a case of a patient with altered mental status caused by vertebrobasilar artery occlusion
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Prenatal nicotine sex-dependently alters adolescent dopamine system development.
Despite persistent public health initiatives, many women continue to smoke during pregnancy. Since maternal smoking has been linked to persisting sex-dependent neurobehavioral deficits in offspring, some consider nicotine to be a safer alternative to tobacco during pregnancy, and the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems is on the rise. We presently show, however, that sustained exposure to low doses of nicotine during fetal development, approximating plasma levels seen clinically with the nicotine patch, produces substantial changes in developing corticostriatal dopamine systems in adolescence. Briefly, pregnant dams were implanted on gestational day 4 with an osmotic minipump that delivered either saline (GS) or nicotine (3 mg/kg/day) (GN) for two weeks. At birth, pups were cross-fostered with treatment naïve dams and were handled daily. Biochemical analyses, signaling assays, and behavioral responses to cocaine were assessed on postnatal day 32, representative of adolescence in the rodent. GN treatment had both sex-dependent and sex-independent effects on prefrontal dopamine systems, altering Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)-dependent dopamine turnover in males and norepinephrine transporter (NET) binding expression in both sexes. GN enhanced cocaine-induced locomotor activity in females, concomitant with GN-induced reductions in striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding. GN enhanced ventral striatal D2-like receptor expression and G-protein coupling, while altering the roles of D2 and D3 receptors in cocaine-induced behaviors. These data show that low-dose prenatal nicotine treatment sex-dependently alters corticostriatal dopamine system development, which may underlie clinical deficits seen in adolescents exposed to tobacco or nicotine in utero
Treatment-related complications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of medical research council UKALL X
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms resulting from the proliferation of malignant lymphoid cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment-related complications in children with ALL receiving the Medical Research Council (MRC) UKALL X protocol. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, children with ALL receiving the MRC UKALL X protocol from 2008 to 2015 in Bahrami University Hospital, Iran, were enrolled. The clinical and morphological features were analysed and treatment-related complications were assessed. Results: Out of 67 children with ALL receiving the MRC UKALL X protocol, 44 (65.6 ) were boys and 23 (34.4) were girls. Seven patients (10.7) relapsed in the three years of diagnosis, and 50 children (74.6) had an overall survival of three years. Average age in three-year-survival group and mortality group was 6.92 (SD: 3.96) and 6.35 (SD: 7.47), respectively (P= 0.38). Conclusion: Overall survival and relapse rates in this study confirm that this protocol is an appropriate treatment strategy. © 2020, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Feasibility of Using Ultra-High Field (7 T) MRI for Clinical Surgical Targeting
The advantages of ultra-high magnetic field (7 Tesla) MRI for basic science research and neuroscience applications have proven invaluable. Structural and functional MR images of the human brain acquired at 7 T exhibit rich information content with potential utility for clinical applications. However, (1) substantial increases in susceptibility artifacts, and (2) geometrical distortions at 7 T would be detrimental for stereotactic surgeries such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), which typically use 1.5 T images for surgical planning. Here, we explore whether these issues can be addressed, making feasible the use of 7 T MRI to guide surgical planning. Twelve patients with Parkinson's disease, candidates for DBS, were scanned on a standard clinical 1.5 T MRI and a 7 T MRI scanner. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of global and regional distortion were evaluated based on anatomical landmarks and transformation matrix values. Our analyses show that distances between identical landmarks on 1.5 T vs. 7 T, in the mid-brain region, were less than one voxel, indicating a successful co-registration between the 1.5 T and 7 T images under these specific imaging parameter sets. On regional analysis, the central part of the brain showed minimal distortion, while inferior and frontal areas exhibited larger distortion due to proximity to air-filled cavities. We conclude that 7 T MR images of the central brain regions have comparable distortions to that observed on a 1.5 T MRI, and that clinical applications targeting structures such as the STN, are feasible with information-rich 7 T imaging
Nicotinic Receptors Underlying Nicotine Dependence: Evidence from Transgenic Mouse Models.
Nicotine underlies the reinforcing properties of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes. After inhalation and absorption, nicotine binds to various nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes localized on the pre- and postsynaptic membranes of cells, which subsequently leads to the modulation of cellular function and neurotransmitter signaling. In this chapter, we begin by briefly reviewing the current understanding of nicotine's actions on nAChRs and highlight considerations regarding nAChR subtype localization and pharmacodynamics. Thereafter, we discuss the seminal discoveries derived from genetically modified mouse models, which have greatly contributed to our understanding of nicotine's effects on the reward-related mesolimbic pathway and the aversion-related habenulo-interpeduncular pathway. Thereafter, emerging areas of research focusing on modulation of nAChR expression and/or function are considered. Taken together, these discoveries have provided a foundational understanding of various genetic, neurobiological, and behavioral factors underlying the motivation to use nicotine and related dependence processes, which are thereby advancing drug discovery efforts to promote long-term abstinence
Signal alterations of the basal ganglia in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease: a retrospective case-controlled MRI data bank analysis
Altered orbitofrontal sulcogyral patterns in gambling disorder: a multicenter study
Gambling disorder is a serious psychiatric condition characterized by decision-making and reward processing
impairments that are associated with dysfunctional brain activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). However, it remains
unclear whether OFC functional abnormalities in gambling disorder are accompanied by structural abnormalities. We
addressed this question by examining the organization of sulci and gyri in the OFC. This organization is in place very
early and stable across life, such that OFC sulcogyral patterns (classified into Types I, II, and III) can be regarded as
potential pre-morbid markers of pathological conditions. We gathered structural brain data from nine existing studies,
reaching a total of 165 individuals with gambling disorder and 159 healthy controls. Our results, supported by both
frequentist and Bayesian statistics, show that the distribution of OFC sulcogyral patterns is skewed in individuals with
gambling disorder, with an increased prevalence of Type II pattern compared with healthy controls. Examination of
gambling severity did not reveal any significant relationship between OFC sulcogyral patterns and disease severity.
Altogether, our results provide evidence for a skewed distribution of OFC sulcogyral patterns in gambling disorder and
suggest that pattern Type II might represent a pre-morbid structural brain marker of the disease. It will be important to
investigate more closely the functional implications of these structural abnormalities in future work.Y.L. was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant
No. 31600929) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities (010914380002). G.S. was supported by a Veni grant from the
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Grant No. 016.155.218). J.J.
was supported by the Academy of Finland (Grant No. 295580), the Finnish
Medical Foundation, and the Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies. V.K. was
supported by the Academy of Finland (Grant No. 256836) and the Finnish
Foundation for Alcohol Studies. S.G. and H.R.S. were supported by the Danish
Council for Independent Research in Social Sciences through a grant to
Thomas Ramsøy (“Decision Neuroscience Project”; Grant No. 0601-01361B) and
by the Lundbeck Foundation through a Grant of Excellence (“ContAct”; Grant
No. R59 A5399). A.G. was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(DFG) HE2597/15–1, HE2597/15–2, and DFG Graduiertenkolleg 1589/2 “Sensory
Computation in Neural Systems”. N.R.-S. was supported by a research grant by
the Senatsverwaltung für Gesundheit und Soziales, Berlin, Germany (Grant No.
002–2008/I B 35). C.M.R.d.L. and J.C.P. were supported by a grant from the
Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Secretaría de
Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación; Convocatoria 2017 de
Proyectos I+D de Excelencia, Spain; co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de
Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, European Union; Grant No. PSI2017–85488-P). J.-C.
D. was supported by “LABEX ANR-11-LABEX-0042” of Université de Lyon within
the program Investissements d’Avenir (ANR-11-IDEX-007) operated by the
French National Research Agency and by a grant from the Fondation pour la
Recherche Médicale (Grant No. DPA20140629796)
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