CSA C873 Building Energy Estimation Methodology - A simplified monthly calculation for quick building optimization

CSA C873 Building Energy Estimation Methodology (BEEM) is a new series of (10) standards that is intended to simplify building energy calculations. The standard is based upon the German DIN Standard 18599 that has 8 years of proven track record and has been modified for the Canadian market. The BEEM method relies on steady state heat balance equations using monthly averages instead of dynamic equations used in hourly software. The method then relies on utilization factors to calculate the contribution of heat gain on heating loads and includes a simplified algorithm for lighting savings associ-ated with daylight strategies. The daylight algorithm is based on avail-able climate data and detailed daylight modelling. The method was validated through the modelling of seven building archetypes in 6 dif-ferent climate zones. Results from the BEEM modeling is compared to similar buildings modeled in CanQuest. Seven typical building ar-chetypes were modeled in 6 different Canadian climate zones. These archetypes are different than the ASHRAE 140 or the BESTEST models with more zones defined and different HVAC systems. The in-tent was to compare the method for typical simple Canadian commer-cial buildings. An average of 8.5% difference on the overall energy consumption was found. Acknowledging there is a difference between energy modeling software results, this difference needs to be put in perspective with differences between energy modeling software and difference from energy modelling to real building consumption. BEEM has the advantage of offering a direct feedback to the user al-lowing for a real time optimization process. The intent of this method is to provide a tool for simple buildings that usually don't get modeled. The BEEM method is not intended as a replacement for the more de-tailed energy modelling simulation that is typically performed for larger or more complex buildings. The planned release date for the standard is March 2014. The CSA C873 Building Energy Estimation Methodology task force is considering the development of a software tool to assist with the adoption of BEEM for simple projects. The Na-tional research Council – Canadian Codes Centre is considering the standard as a path for demonstrating compliance with the National Energy Code for Buildings in 2015

Development and application of a steady state code for supercritical carbon dioxide cycles

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2006.Leaf 63 blank.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 62).The supercritical CO2 power conversion system is of interest for advanced nuclear reactor applications because the same efficiencies are obtained as for the most developed of the closed gas-turbine cycles (helium-Brayton), but at lower temperatures and higher pressures. The original in-house code, named CYCLES, could potentially be used by others who are researching the S-CO2 cycle, but it has its shortcomings. In particular, CYCLES does not factor in the pressure drops due to pipes and plena. Also, for new users, it takes a significant amount of time to fully understand how to use the code. The objectives of this thesis were to modify CYCLES to ensure that pipe and plena effects were included, and to improve the readability and functionality of the code. Changes to CYCLES are included in the rewritten code, named CYCLES II, and are also documented in this thesis. Furthermore, documentation of the program input and output is given, along with a flow chart of the algorithm logic. Two applications of the code are provided to show the effect of the pipes and plena on cycle performance. In comparing the cycle efficiency with and without the effects of the pipes and plena, for a 300 MWe S-CO2 Brayton power conversion system, the results indicate that the net cycle efficiency drops from 49% to 45% when pipes and plena of reasonable dimensions are included in the calculations. The losses are dominated by the low pressure pipe and plena segments. However, the effects of the pipes and plena on cycle efficiency are not characteristic of the S-CO2 cycle only. All Brayton cycles have this same issue, and the effects are worse for the helium-Brayton cycle because it operates at lower pressures.by David M. Legault.S.B

Analyse des liaisons entre la morphologie et l'aptitude au galop au trot et au saut d'obstacles chez le Cheval

International audienc

The effects of industrial wastes from Charmin Paper Products Company on fish of the Cheboygan river drainage system

This study investigated effects of industrial wastes of a paper mill on fish. Chemical analyses were made of the effluent and of the river water before it entered the mill and at the effluent entry point. Static bioassay techniques were used to determine tolerances to the effluent of ten fish species which were abundant in the paper mill area. Fish were collected from the effluent entry point into the river. An abundant fish fauna was found. Charmin Paper Products Company, Cheboygan, Michigan, treats its waste products thoroughly and is an example of what an industry can do to reduce water pollution. The common shiner, Notropis cornutus, was found to be intolerant to even low concentrations of the effluent. Thus, its presence in an area would indicate a very low level of pollution of this type.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33355/1/0000753.pd

TWO-DIMENSIONAL JOINT INVERSION OF ZTEM™ AND MT PLANE-WAVE EM DATA FOR NEAR SURFACE APPLICATIONS PRESENTED AT SAGEEP 2014

ABSTRACT The performance of two-dimensional (2-D) joint ZTEM™/MT inversion was tested using synthetic brick structures below a hill and valley model. Subsequently, separate and joint inversion of coincident ZTEM and Titan dense array MT data over the Johnston Lake district, Saskatchewan, were performed. A result of this effort is that only very few (e.g., three) MT stations may be needed to correct for background resistivity effects in a ZTEM survey provided the MT sites are appropriately spaced

Urban agriculture: multi-dimensional tools for social development in poor neighbourhoods

For over 30 years, different urban agriculture (UA) experiments have been undertaken in Montreal (Quebec, Canada). The Community Gardening Program, managed by the City, and 6 collective gardens, managed by community organizations, are discussed in this article. These experiments have different objectives, including food security, socialization and education. Although these have changed over time, they have also differed depending on geographic location (neighbourhood). The UA initiatives in Montreal have resulted in the development of a centre with a significant vegetable production and a socialization and education environment that fosters individual and collective social development in districts with a significant economically disadvantaged population. The various approaches attain the established objectives and these are multi-dimensional tools used for the social development of disadvantaged populations.Depuis plus de 30 ans, différentes expériences d’AU ont été tentée à Montréal (Québec, Canada). Le programme des jardins communautaires, géré par la Ville, et 6 jardins collectifs, gérés par des organisations communautaires, sont examinés dans le cadre de cet article.  Ces expériences visent différents objectifs : accroître la sécurité alimentaire, sociabiliser, éduquer, etc. Les objectifs évoluent dans le temps mais aussi selon les quartiers. Notre étude révèle que les initiatives en AU à Montréal sont un lieu de production de légumes non négligeable, un espace pour sociabiliser et un lieu d’éducation favorisant un développement social individuel et collectif des quartiers ayant une forte présence de population économique défavorisée. Les différentes approches atteignent les objectifs identifiés et permettent le développement d’outils multi-facettes favorisant le développement social des populations défavorisées.Durante más de 30 años se han realizado diversos experimentos relacionados con la agricultura urbana en Montreal (Québec, Canadá). Este artículo analiza el Programa de Horticultura Comunitario, gestionado por la ciudad, y 6 huertos colectivos, gestionados por organizaciones comunitarias. Estos experimentos cuentan con objetivos diferentes, entre los que se encuentran la seguridad alimentaria, la socialización y la educación. Con el paso del tiempo estos programas han ido evolucionando. Los proyectos se diferencian según la ubicación geográfica en la que se encuentran (barrios). Las iniciativas de agricultura urbana en Montreal han conseguido el desarrollo de un centro con una importante producción hortícola, así como un contexto de socialización y educación que fomenta el desarrollo social individual y colectivo en las zonas con un importante número de población económicamente desfavorecida. The authors would like to thank Kelly Krater, Mathieu Roy and Julie Richard from Action Communiterre, Magdouda Oudjit from Maison Quartier de Villeray, Delphine Marot and Stéphane Bergeron from the ACSA, Gratia Lapointe from Nutri-Centre LaSalle, Dominique Lacroix from Bouffe-Action de Rosemont and Denis Rousseau from the collective garden La Croisée. We would also like to thank Jean-Marie Chapeau from Centraide, André Pedneault from the City of Montreal and Lucie Sauvé, Canada Chair in Environmental Education at UQAM. This article is in line with several research projects, such as those of the Canada Research Chair in environmental education, which include a research program that highlights the foundations, practices and issues involved in “the educational experience” provided in two collective urban gardens and that of the Institut des sciences de l’environnement and the City of Montreal, which are based on the community gardens program

Recent AEM Case Study Examples of a Full Waveform Time-Domain System for Near-Surface and Groundwater Applications

Early time or high frequency airborne electromagnetic data (AEM) are desirable for shallow sounding or mapping of resistive areas but this poses difficulties due to a variety of issues, such as system bandwidth, system calibration and parasitic loop capacitance. In an effort to address this issue, a continued system design strategy, aimed at improving its early-channel VTEM data, has achieved fully calibrated, quantitative measurements closer to the transmitter current turn-off, while maintaining reasonably optimal deep penetration characteristics. The new design implementation, known as “Full Waveform” VTEM was previously described by Legault et al. (2012). This paper presents some case-study examples of a Full Waveform helicopter time-domain EM system for near-surface application

Chemical and biological characterization of essential oil from the aerial parts of Salvia sclarea L. growing in Georgia

The aim of the research was to study chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil from Salvia sclarea aerial parts growing in Georgia. It is well known that essential oils of Salvia possesses anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-diabetic activities. Essential oil (EO) was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. EO yield from areal part was 0.23%. In total, 25 different compounds of terpene nature were identified. Linalyl acetate (18.8%), linalool (14.9%) and spathulenol (9.07%) were the main components in S. sclarea essential oil. The anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil was evaluated on a base of nitric oxide (NO) production measure in LPSstimulated RAW 264.7 murine monocyte-macrophage cells. EO exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity with 74% inhibition of NO production, at 80 µg/ml dose, without any significant toxicity