Instructional Television in the Brookings, South Dakota, Elementary Schools

This paper intends to determine if instructional television is widely used in the Brookings, South Dakota, elementary schools. It also attempts to determine what attitudes Brookings elementary teachers have about instructional television. Instructional television (ITV) is a modern-day teaching tool available and used in most schools. The cost to the individual school district is minimal after receiving sets have been purchased. Supplementary materials go with the programs and are available to the school from the public television station. A school may purchase any or none of the material it chooses. The advantages of instructional television are many, as will be discussed in Chapter III. This writer became interested in IT V several years ago while serving as a substitute teacher in the Lincoln, Nebraska, public schools. Th e programs were good, for the most part, and interesting on a level the children could understand. Television sets were not available in the classroom, however. Students were taken to the school auditorium, which could seat several hundred. The sets were placed high on the walls which made it necessary to hold one\u27s head back to see the screens. The reader can easily imagine transporting 35 active junior high students down halls and stairways, seating them in a small corner of the large room, and trying to recreate a learning atmosphere and restore some semblance of classroom order. The course of least resistance, not taking them to watch the programs, was attractive. In social conversation, one Brookings elementary· teacher responded to this writer\u27s question that she seldom used ITV--it was too much bother. Her statement was a reminder of the previous experience in substitute teaching, and, was the beginning of this research project. Did her attitude pervade the whole school system? What were the reasons for her attitude? Was it really a bother? Weren\u27t enough receiving sets or supplementary materials available? Were the programs dull and uninteresting or badly produced? Did the programs tie-in or complement the course of study? Considerable reading preparation preceded the writing of the questionnaire. Many studies have been done on the effectiveness of television instruction in the classroom. The most comprehensive study done in the field was done indirectly by a famous researcher, Wilbur Schramm. Actually, his contribution was an extensive review of the available research

Trace- and pseudo-products: restriction-like semigroups with a band of projections

We ascertain conditions and structures on categories and semigroups which admit the construction of pseudo-products and trace products respectively, making their connection as precise as possible. This topic is modelled on the ESN Theorem and its generalization to ample semigroups. Unlike some other variants of ESN, it is self-dual (two-sided), and the condition of commuting projections is relaxed. The condition that projections form a band (are closed under multiplication) is shown to be a very natural one. One-sided reducts are considered, and compared to (generalized) D-semigroups. Finally the special case when the category is a groupoid is examined.Comment: 17 pages. After referee comments. Proof of Th. 3.2 corrected, subsection 5.2 added, 2 new references, minor amendments. Proof of Lem. 4.3(ii) and paragraph on D-semigroups amende

Activity of Four Antimicrobial Agents Against Porcine \u3ci\u3eSerpulina pilosicoli\u3c/i\u3e Isolates From the Midwestern United States

Porcine colonic spirochetosis (PCS) is a non-fatal, diarrheal disease affecting pigs during the growing and finishing stages of production. The disease is caused by Serpulina pilosicoli, a newly recognized species of intestinal spirochetes. Because Serpulina pilosicoli is transmitted by the fecaloral route, control measures aimed at reducing environmental contamination, including sanitation and antimicrobial therapy, should be investigated. We determined the antimicrobial susceptibility of seven porcine Serpulina pilosicoli isolates recovered from pigs in the midwestern United States against four antimicrobials commonly used for control of swine dysentery, a disease caused by the related spirochete, Serpulina hyodysenteriae. All the isolates were susceptible to carbadox and tiamulin, whereas the percentages of isolates susceptible, intermediate and resistant were 66.6, 16.6 and 16.6 percent with lincomycin, and 50 percent susceptible and 50 percent resistant with gentamicin. This information is consistent with field observations about the efficacy of the respective antimicrobials for control of PCS

ENIGMA: Efficient Learning-based Inference Guiding Machine

ENIGMA is a learning-based method for guiding given clause selection in saturation-based theorem provers. Clauses from many proof searches are classified as positive and negative based on their participation in the proofs. An efficient classification model is trained on this data, using fast feature-based characterization of the clauses . The learned model is then tightly linked with the core prover and used as a basis of a new parameterized evaluation heuristic that provides fast ranking of all generated clauses. The approach is evaluated on the E prover and the CASC 2016 AIM benchmark, showing a large increase of E's performance.Comment: Submitted to LPAR 201

Investigation of the Impact of Increased Dietary Insoluble Fiber through the Feeding of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) on the Incidence and Severity of Brachyspira-Associated Colitis in Pigs

Diet has been implicated as a major factor impacting clinical disease expression of swine dysentery and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae colonization. However, the impact of diet on novel pathogenic strongly beta-hemolytic Brachyspira spp. including “B. hampsonii” has yet to be investigated. In recent years, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a source of insoluble dietary fiber, has been increasingly included in diets of swine. A randomized complete block experiment was used to examine the effect of increased dietary fiber through the feeding of DDGS on the incidence of Brachyspira-associated colitis in pigs. One hundred 4-week-old pigs were divided into five groups based upon inocula (negative control, Brachyspira intermedia,Brachyspira pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae or “B. hampsonii”) and fed one of two diets containing no (diet 1) or 30% (diet 2) DDGS. The average days to first positive culture and days post inoculation to the onset of clinical dysentery in the B. hyodysenteriae groups was significantly shorter for diet 2 when compared to diet 1 (P = 0.04 and P = 0.0009, respectively). A similar difference in the average days to first positive culture and days post inoculation to the onset of clinical dysentery was found when comparing the “B. hampsonii” groups. In this study, pigs receiving 30% DDGS shed on average one day prior to and developed swine dysentery nearly twice as fast as pigs receiving 0% DDGS. Accordingly, these data suggest a reduction in insoluble fiber through reducing or eliminating DDGS in swine rations should be considered an integral part of any effective disease elimination strategy for swine dysentery

ProofWatch: Watchlist Guidance for Large Theories in E

Watchlist (also hint list) is a mechanism that allows related proofs to guide a proof search for a new conjecture. This mechanism has been used with the Otter and Prover9 theorem provers, both for interactive formalizations and for human-assisted proving of open conjectures in small theories. In this work we explore the use of watchlists in large theories coming from first-order translations of large ITP libraries, aiming at improving hammer-style automation by smarter internal guidance of the ATP systems. In particular, we (i) design watchlist-based clause evaluation heuristics inside the E ATP system, and (ii) develop new proof guiding algorithms that load many previous proofs inside the ATP and focus the proof search using a dynamically updated notion of proof matching. The methods are evaluated on a large set of problems coming from the Mizar library, showing significant improvement of E's standard portfolio of strategies, and also of the previous best set of strategies invented for Mizar by evolutionary methods.Comment: 19 pages, 10 tables, submitted to ITP 2018 at FLO

A method for finding new sets of axioms for classes of semigroups

We introduce a general technique for finding sets of axioms for a given class of semigroups. To illustrate the technique, we provide new sets of defining axioms for groups of exponent n, bands, and semilattices

Improved Selective Medium for the Isolation of \u3ci\u3eTreponema hyodysenteriae\u3c/i\u3e

An agar medium with improved selection for Treponema hyodysenteriae was developed. Cultures of T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens, feces from 11 clinically normal pigs, and colonic contents from 6 pigs with gross lesions consistent with swine dysentery were diluted in phosphate-buffered saline and plated on Trypticase soy agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) with 5% citrated bovine blood (TSA), TSA with 400 ,ug of spectinomycin per ml (TSA-S400), TSA-S400 with 25 ,ug each of colistin and vancomycin per ml, and TSA with 5% pig feces extract and five antimicrobial agents (spiramycin, rifampin, vancomycin, colistin, and spectinomycin) (BJ). Viable numbers of T. hyodysenteriae grown on BJ were virtually identical to those for TSA, TSA-S400, and TSA-S400 with colistin and vancomycin. Pure cultures of four isolates of T. hyodysenteriae and three isolates of T. innocens were sustained through six subcultures on BJ. Fecal floras were completely inhibited on BJ for 14 of 17 fecal samples from both groups of pigs. A total of 461 colonic specimens from naturally occurring cases of porcine intestinal disease were plated on TSA-S400 and BJ. T. hyodysenteriae was isolated on both TSA-S400 and BJ for 69 specimens and on BJ alone for an additional 19 specimens

Validating a social model wargame: an analysis of the Green Country Model

Modern most wargaming models are a simulation of large force-on-force conflicts, and are not capable of articulating social factors of the society being modeled. The Green Country Model (GCM) was established as a two-player wargame utilizing unconventional and irregular warfare tactics, taking in consideration the effects of social factors on the population and stability operations of the regions (winning the hearts and minds of a society). The game is not meant to offer predictions for a course of action or the impact of a course of action on the future, but to provide players, particularly those players who are leaders, a forum in which to discuss strategy, tactics and possible courses of action, thus improving the knowledge base and ability to think outside the box concerning various regions. Utilizing the concepts, input parameters, and underlying algorithms established by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab, we build a simulation model to begin the validation process of the GCM. This model, which can run one action in thousandths of a second, will not only provide developers a framework for continued validation, but can provide users and policy makers training opportunities while would aid in decision-making.http://archive.org/details/validatingsocial1094527854Lieutenant Commander, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited