Cadaveric study of accessory renal arteries and its surgical correlation

A thorough knowledge of the accessory renal arteries has grown in importance with the increasing number of renal transplants and other uroradiological procedures. The literature indicates that multiple renal arteries are found in 9-75% cases. Normal anatomy describes each kidney receives irrigation from single renal artery which arises from abdominal aorta at the level L1-L2 vertebrae just below the superior mesenteric artery. Renal artery variations include their origin, number and course. The most common is the presence of additional vessels (accessory arteries) arising above the usual trunk is more frequent than one arising below. The accessory renal arteries are always end arteries. The kidneys may receive a single artery although each organ may equally be supplied by as many as six end arteries. The right and left renal arteries may arise from the aorta by a common stem or arise at lower point than usual in which case the kidneys lie below their usual position. There may be several renal arteries on each side or the renal artery may divide close to its origin into several branches. Current literature reports great variability in renal blood supply, the number of renal arteries mentioned being the most frequently found variation. Normal renal arterial information is useful not only for planning and performing of endovascular, laparoscopic uroradiological procedures and renal transplants. In order to facilitate the clinical approaches, we studied renal arterial pattern in 25 formalin fixed cadavers, on 50 kidneys during the period of one year. The purpose of this present study was to establish the incidence of accessory (aberrant) renal arteries in human cadavers and also discuss its surgical correlation during uroradiological procedures and angiographic interventions.

Performance Study of Adhoc on-Demand Link Quality Aware Route Search Protocol (AO-LQARSP)

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network with few tens to thousands of small devices called sensor nodes which are connected wirelessly and involve in communicating the data. WSNs have generated tremendous interest among researchers in recent years because of its potential usage in wide variety of applications. The sensor nodes in WSNs have scarce power; they work in harsh and unattended environments which initiates the need for a better and more reliable routing path to send data. In this paper a routing protocol is proposed to select the route based on better signal strength conditions using Link Quality Indicator of the received signal for IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The performance of the proposed routing protocol is compared with standard reactive routing protocol Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) with metrics like total packets received, throughput, total bytes received, average end-to-end delay and average jitter and total energy consumed for various node density scenarios

Microsponges: A Promising Novel Drug Delivery System

Microsponge is recent novel technique for control release and target specific drug delivery system. More and more developments in drug delivery systems are being integrated to optimize the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the therapy. Microsponges are polymeric delivery system containing porous microspheres having a size range from 5 to 300µm. Microsponge Delivery System (MDS) is a unique technology for controlled drug delivery. This review article mainly deals with Microsponge drug delivery along with its method of preparation, characterization, advantages and release mechanism of MDS. Microsponges are characterized by particle size, entrapment efficacy, true density, % drug content and % yield, dissolution studies, Resiliency, compatibility studies and in-vitro studies. Wide range of applications is also preferred to develop drug with enhanced safety and efficacy. Keywords: Microsponge, Porous microspheres, Control release, Colon

A new bifunctional catalyst for tandem Heck-asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins

A new bifunctional catalyst consisting of active palladium and osmium species anchored on silica gel through a mercaptopropyl spacer and a cinchona alkaloid respectively has been prepared for the first time and used in the heterogeneous tandem Heck-asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins to afford diols with excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses (ee's) in presence of N-methylmorpholine Noxide or K3Fe(CN)6 as cooxidants

Retrospective study of Ct brain imaging findings indicated for infants at a tertiary care hospital

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of pathologies in children is becoming increasingly popular. The aim: to study findings of referrals for CT scans (Computerised Tomography) of the brain in children in the department of Radiology in a developing environment. Materials and methods: retrospective imaging observational study was done in a 1000 bedded tertiary care hospital in South India in the year 2022 from April to August for 5 months under 16 slice CT scan. Cases are referred from the department of Pediatrics to the department of Radiology as part of the routine clinical evaluation and treatment protocol. Results: Our sample includes 100 infants; after exclusion criteria total of 60 infants' brain CTs were taken into account, and analysed their imaging from radiology department records. Of 60 cases, 18 (30 %) showed HIE Pattern, and 42 (70 %) had normal plain CT Brain findings. However, due to clinical signs and symptoms, they are evaluated under сontrast CT imaging (after checking creatinine levels), showing 20 cases (33.3 %) are standard, 10 cases (16.6 %) show meningitis, and 2 cases (3.3 %) show SOL. Out of 18 cases of HIE, 10 cases (16.6 %) are under less than 6 months and they undergone neuro sonogram showing 4 cases (6.6 %) normal NSG, 2 cases (3.3 %) showing grade IV HIE, another 2 cases (3.3 %) showing grade II, III HIE Findings. Conclusions: Our study concluded that plain CT brain showed normal in the majority of the cases which came to the department of Radiology after admission to the hospital. Those cases with strong clinical history are evaluated with contrast CT and evaluated the findings. After contrast imaging, most cases showing their infective, obstructive, and other causes of illness are interpreted. However, its role is minimal for seizures in which CT/CECT shows normal study. Under 6 months, NSG is a suitable method for evaluating and screening the infant's brain

Genetic variability for grain yield and water use efficiency in blackgram genotypes

Transpiration efficiency (TE, g biomass kg-1 water transpired) is the preferred measure for examining po- tential genetic variation in crop water use efficiency (WUE). TE was assessed gravimetrically from sowing to grain harvest in fifteen blackgram accessions, two checks and two local varieties under well-watered conditions during kharif season. TEbiomass varied from 2.87 - 5.27 g kg-1 and TEseed varied from 1.10 - 2.03 g kg-1 among genotypes. High coefficient of variability was observed for seed yield and TEseed.Total biomass, TEbiomass, HI and water transpired recorded medium coefficient of variability. High heritability in broad sense was observed for seed yield, TEseed and total biomass. High genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for seed yield, TEseed, total biomass and TEbiomass. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for seed yield, total biomass and TEseed.TEseed is significantly positively correlated with TEbiomass (0.883**), seed yield/ plant (0.805**), HI (0.757**) and biomass (0.572*). TEbiomass, seed yield per plant, total biomass and HI were the important components of TEseed as revealed by correlation studies.D2 analysis partitioned the nineteen genotypes in to five clusters. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and V (24.94) and III and IV (22.6). Genotypes IC436665, IC343952 and Local II (Cluster III) had high mean values for TEbiomass and TEseed along with total biomass and seed yield. These genotypes should be useful in future breeding programs for higher water use efficiency

ViPR: an open bioinformatics database and analysis resource for virology research

The Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR, www.ViPRbrc.org) is an integrated repository of data and analysis tools for multiple virus families, supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC) program. ViPR contains information for human pathogenic viruses belonging to the Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Filoviridae, Hepeviridae, Herpesviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Poxviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae and Togaviridae families, with plans to support additional virus families in the future. ViPR captures various types of information, including sequence records, gene and protein annotations, 3D protein structures, immune epitope locations, clinical and surveillance metadata and novel data derived from comparative genomics analysis. Analytical and visualization tools for metadata-driven statistical sequence analysis, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, BLAST comparison and sequence variation determination are also provided. Data filtering and analysis workflows can be combined and the results saved in personal ‘Workbenches’ for future use. ViPR tools and data are available without charge as a service to the virology research community to help facilitate the development of diagnostics, prophylactics and therapeutics for priority pathogens and other viruses

Metabolic Control Analysis in a Cellular Model of Elevated MAO-B: Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease

We previously demonstrated that spare respiratory capacity of the TCA cycle enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) was completely abolished upon increasing levels of MAO-B activity in a dopaminergic cell model system (Kumar et al., J Biol Chem 278:46432–46439, 2003). MAO-B mediated increases in H2O2 also appeared to result in direct oxidative inhibition of both mitochondrial complex I and aconitase. In order to elucidate the contribution that each of these components exerts over metabolic respiratory control as well as the impact of MAO-B elevation on their spare respiratory capacities, we performed metabolic respiratory control analysis. In addition to KGDH, we assessed the activities and substrate-mediated respiration of complex I, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and mitochondrial aconitase in the absence and presence of complex-specific inhibitors in specific and mixed substrate conditions in mitochondria from our MAO-B elevated cells versus controls. Data from this study indicates that Complex I and KGDH are the most sensitive to inhibition by MAO-B mediated H2O2 generation, and could be instrumental in determining the fate of mitochondrial metabolism in this cellular PD model system

Lack of Wdr13 Gene in Mice Leads to Enhanced Pancreatic Beta Cell Proliferation, Hyperinsulinemia and Mild Obesity

WD-repeat proteins are very diverse, yet these are structurally related proteins that participate in a wide range of cellular functions. WDR13, a member of this family, is conserved from fishes to humans and localizes into the nucleus. To understand the in vivo function(s) of Wdr13 gene, we have created and characterized a mutant mouse strain lacking this gene. The mutant mice had higher serum insulin levels and increased pancreatic islet mass as a result of enhanced beta cell proliferation. While a known cell cycle inhibitor, p21, was downregulated in the mutant islets, over expression of WDR13 in the pancreatic beta cell line (MIN6) resulted in upregulation of p21, accompanied by retardation of cell proliferation. We suggest that WDR13 is a novel negative regulator of the pancreatic beta cell proliferation. Given the higher insulin levels and better glucose clearance in Wdr13 gene deficient mice, we propose that this protein may be a potential candidate drug target for ameliorating impaired glucose metabolism in diabetes