Pelaksanaan Tugas Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (Bpom) dalam Pengawasan Pangan yang Mengandung Bahan Berbahaya di Kota Pekanbaru

Government regulates consumer protection explicitly in Act Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. The problem formulation of this thesis: First, the implementation of the tasks of Food and Drug Supervisory Agency in monitoring food containing harmful ingredients in Pekanbaru, Second, barriers to the implementation of the tasks of Food and Drug Supervisory Agency in monitoring food containing harmful ingredients in Pekanbaru.In this study, the authors use a kind of sociological research the nature of descriptive research that accurately describe the nature of an individual, phenomenon, studied. This research was conducted in BPOM Pekanbaru, while population and sample an entire party related to the problem under study, data collection techniques interview with the head section of the examination, questionnaire data collection methods make a list of questions that have a correlation with the problems studied by the author to consumers and businesses, namely data collection study literature library reading literature, qualitative data analysis is based on the description of sentences and draw conclusions deductively that from the general to the particular, the date source used, primary date, secondary and tertiary.The results obtained from this study, first, the implementation of the tasks BPOM Pekanbaru refers to the Minister of Trade Regulation Number 44 Year 2009 concerning Procurement, Distribution and Monitoring of Hazardous Materials. Second, barriers, industries that use harmful ingredients not listed on Industry and Trade and the Department of Health, the people\u27s habits, lack of human resources BPOM Pekanbaru.Based on the research results, there are two basic problems that can be inferred. First, the implementation of the tasks BPOM Pekanbaru refers to the Minister of Trade Regulation Number 44 Year 2009 concerning Procurement, Distribution and Monitoring of Hazardous Materials. Second, barriers, lack of implementation of duties and functions, because the vast working area, the lack of human resources. Suggestions author, first, to optimize the duties and functions of BPOM Pekanbaru by increasing human resources. Second, the industry must have a permit, people\u27s habits have to be changed

Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Gac Leaf (Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.) to Salinity Stress.

Gac is a carotenoid-rich, healthful tropical fruit; however, its productivity is limited by soil salinity, a growing environmental stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salinity stress on key physiological traits and metabolites in 30-day-old gac seedling leaves, treated with 0, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 150-mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for four weeks to identify potential alarm, acclimatory, and exhaustion responses. Electrolyte leakage increased with increasing NaCl concentrations (p < 0.05) indicating loss of membrane permeability and conditions that lead to reactive oxygen species production. At 25 and 50 mM NaCl, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, starch content, and total soluble sugar increased. Chlorophyll a, and total chlorophyll increased at 25 mM NaCl but decreased at higher NaCl concentrations indicating salinity-induced thylakoid membrane degradation and chlorophyllase activity. Catalase (CAT) activity decreased (p < 0.05) at all NaCl treatments, while ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities were highest at 150 mM NaCl. GC-MS-metabolite profiling showed that 150 mM NaCl induced the largest changes in metabolites and was thus distinct. Thirteen pathways and 7.73% of metabolites differed between the control and all the salt-treated seedlings. Salinity decreased TCA cycle intermediates, and there were less sugars for growth but more for osmoprotection, with the latter augmented by increased amino acids. Although 150 mM NaCl level decreased SOD activity, the APX and GPX enzymes were still active, and some carbohydrates and metabolites also accumulated to promote salinity resistance via multiple mechanisms

Stated preferences of doctors for choosing a job in rural areas of Peru: a discrete choice experiment.

BACKGROUND: Doctors' scarcity in rural areas remains a serious problem in Latin America and Peru. Few studies have explored job preferences of doctors working in underserved areas. We aimed to investigate doctors' stated preferences for rural jobs. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A labelled discrete choice experiment (DCE) was performed in Ayacucho, an underserved department of Peru. Preferences were assessed for three locations: rural community, Ayacucho city (Ayacucho's capital) and other provincial capital city. Policy simulations were run to assess the effect of job attributes on uptake of a rural post. Multiple conditional logistic regressions were used to assess the relative importance of job attributes and of individual characteristics. A total of 102 doctors participated. They were five times more likely to choose a job post in Ayacucho city over a rural community (OR 4.97, 95%CI 1.2; 20.54). Salary increases and bonus points for specialization acted as incentives to choose a rural area, while increase in the number of years needed to get a permanent post acted as a disincentive. Being male and working in a hospital reduced considerably chances of choosing a rural job, while not living with a partner increased them. Policy simulations showed that a package of 75% salary increase, getting a permanent contract after two years in rural settings, and getting bonus points for further specialisation increased rural job uptake from 21% to 77%. A package of 50% salary increase plus bonus points for further specialisation would also increase the rural uptake from 21% to 52%. CONCLUSIONS: Doctors are five times more likely to favour a job in urban areas over rural settings. This strong preference needs to be overcome by future policies aimed at improving the scarcity of rural doctors. Some incentives, alone or combined, seem feasible and sustainable, whilst others may pose a high fiscal burden

Los rostros de la tierra encantada

El padre Manuel Marzal, S.J., fue un eminente investigador de la religión andina y sus transformaciones a través del tiempo, así como de las manifestaciones culturales y religiosas de los sectores populares del Perú, la historia intelectual y la actividad evangelizadora de la Orden de los Jesuitas en América Latina. Sus profundos y vastos conocimientos de estas temáticas se plasmaron en una serie de obras maestras y en una intensa labor pedagógica, antropológica y pastoral de profundo sentido humano, desarrollada por más de tres décadas en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú y concluida en la Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, perteneciente a la Compañía de Jesús. Por la calidad de sus contribuciones, este libro es un digno homenaje a la figura del maestro y un tributo a su labor científica, como antropólogo y etnohistoriador. Los ensayos reunidos en este volumen, obra de destacados estudiosos de diferentes países de América y Europa, enfrentan y desarrollan varios de los temas trabajados por el padre Marzal, mostrando cuán relevante y fecunda ha sido su obra. Los textos, que en su mayoría se enmarcan en el vasto campo de las intersecciones entre antropología e historia, constituyen relevantes aportes en el estudio de la historia y la cultura de la sociedades indígenas, el trabajo misionero de los Jesuitas en América desde la Colonia y la cultura religiosa popular contemporánea. Por ello, el valor de este libro radica en sus valiosas contribuciones al campo de conocimientos que el mismo P. Marzal contribuyera a forjar.Dedicado a Manuel Marzal Fuentes, S.J