14 research outputs found
International Nonregimes: A Research Agenda1
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146934/1/j.1468-2486.2007.00672.x.pd
Evaluation d'initiatives de gestion intégrée des régions littorales méditerranéennes. Expériences du METAP et du PAM (1988-1996)
Diffusion du document : METAP Mediterranean Sector DGXI European Commission XI-A-5 Bu-5 40 Brussel (BEL)National audienceLes tendances Ă la dĂ©gradation de l'environnement en mer MĂ©diterranĂ©e Ă©taient dĂ©jĂ Ă©videntes il y a plus de deux dĂ©cennies, Ă l'Ă©poque oĂč les pays riverains de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e ont adoptĂ© le plan d'action pour la MĂ©diterranĂ©e (PAM) en 1975 et la Convention pour la protection de la mer MĂ©diterranĂ©e contre la pollution (Convention de Barcelone) en 1976. Ceux-ci se sont concrĂ©tisĂ©s Ă travers une sĂ©rie de protocoles, et de programmes qui se poursuivent en 1988, Ă l'initiative de la Banque mondiale, de la Banque europĂ©enne d'investissement, en partenariat avec l'Union europĂ©enne et le PNUD (Programme des Nations unies pour le dĂ©veloppement). Le METAP (Programme environnemental d'assistance technique pour la MĂ©diterranĂ©e) a pour mission d'engager des fonds de garantie pour assister les pays mĂ©diterranĂ©ens dans leurs efforts pour Ă©laborer des politiques, des programmes et des projets d'investissement qui rĂ©pondent efficacement aux contraintes de dĂ©veloppement durable dans la rĂ©gion. Deux phases ont dĂ©jĂ Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es et une troisiĂšme phase vient de dĂ©marrer. La planification et la gestion intĂ©grĂ©es des rĂ©gions littorales (GIRL) sont devenues un outil majeur de mise en oeuvre de dĂ©veloppement durable. Le premier chapitre examine le contexte mĂ©diterranĂ©en et l'Ă©tat de la mise en oeuvre de la GIRL dans la rĂ©gion, ainsi que les rĂ©flexions et les objectifs soutenant cette action. Le second concerne l'approche mĂ©thodologique. Le troisiĂšme chapitre fournit une analyse de l'Ă©tat et de l'impact de la GIRL dans la rĂ©gion. Dans le dernier, les enseignements tirĂ©s sont rĂ©capitulĂ©s et des recommandations Ă l'attention des dĂ©cideurs sont formulĂ©es
Strategic Planning for Sustainable Development in Coastal Zone Regions: Using Natural Resource Accounts
Coral adaptation in the face of climate change: Response
[Extract] In their Review, "Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification" (14 December 2007, p. 1737), O. Hoegh-Guldberg et al. present future reef scenarios that range from coral-dominated communities to rapidly eroding rubble banks. Notably, none of their scenarios considers the capacity for corals to adapt. The authors dismiss adaptation because "[r]eef-building corals have relatively long generation times and low genetic diversity, making for slow rates of adaptation [relative to rates of change]." We think the possibility of adaptation deserves a second look.\ud
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Many features of coral life histories, such as extended life spans, delayed maturation, and colony fission, do result in long generation times (1) [some between 33 and 37 years (2)]. However, other corals, such as many species of Acropora and Pocillopora, mature early, grow rapidly, and suffer whole-colony mortality, as opposed to colony fission, after mechanical disturbances (3) and thermal stress (4). The life histories of these ecologically important and abundant species suggest an underappreciated capacity to adapt rapidly to changing environments
Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and global temperatures to rise by at least 2 degrees C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed those of at least the past 420,000 years during which most extant marine organisms evolved. Under conditions expected in the 21st century, global warming and ocean acidification will compromise carbonate accretion, with corals becoming increasingly rare on reef systems. The result will be less diverse reef communities and carbonate reef structures that fail to be maintained. Climate change also exacerbates local stresses from declining water quality and overexploitation of key species, driving reefs increasingly toward the tipping point for functional collapse. This review presents future scenarios for coral reefs that predict increasingly serious consequences for reef- associated fisheries, tourism, coastal protection, and people. As the International Year of the Reef 2008 begins, scaled- up management intervention and decisive action on global emissions are required if the loss of coral- dominated ecosystems is to be avoided