Исследование онтологии логистики историко-генетическим методом

The objective of the study is to establish the origin and evolution of the term «logistics», understood as management of material flows and stocks. The historical-genetic method and content analysis were used in the study of available sourcesThe inconsistency of assumptions about the origin of the name «logistics» in the modern interpretation from ancient Greece and the Byzantine Empire is shown. There is also no connection between the mathematical logic developed by Leibniz and the content of logistics in economics and military affairs. The illegitimacy of explaining the evolution of the term «logistics» by random coincidences of words that are homonyms and related to different historical eras and countries has been established.The priority of G. V. Jomini in formulation of the principles of logistics in his works on the art of war, written after emigration to the Russian Empire, is confirmed. Due to the spread of Jomini’s works in the countries of the world, logistics began to develop in its modern form, initially in the military sphere, and then in economic activity.The reasons that led to intensive development of logistics during the Second World War and in the post­war period are systematized. Differences in priorities during these periods in the countries of the world are studied. Two main trends were identified, one of which was to use the competitive advantages of logistics in a market environment, and the other to ensure spatial connectivity and transport accessibility of territories.Цель исследования состоит в установлении происхождения и эволюции термина «логистика», понимаемой как управление материальными потоками и запасами. Использован историко-генетический метод и контент-анализ в изучении имеющихся источников.Показана несостоятельность предположений о происхождении наименования «логистика» в современной трактовке из античной Греции и Византийской империи. Также отсутствует связь разрабатываемой Лейбницем математической логики с содержанием логистики в экономике и военном деле. Установлена неправомерность объяснения эволюции термина «логистика» случайными совпадениями слов, являющихся омонимами и относящихся к разным историческим эпохам и странам.Подтверждён приоритет Г. В. Жомини в формулировке принципов логистики в его работах по военному искусству, написанных после эмиграции в Российскую империю. Благодаря распространению трудов Жомини в странах мира логистика стала развиваться в современном виде, первоначально в военной сфере, а затем в экономической деятельности.Систематизированы причины, которые привели к интенсивному развитию логистики во время Второй мировой войны и в послевоенное время. Исследованы различия в приоритетах в эти периоды в странах мира. Выявлены две основные тенденции, одна из которых состояла в использовании конкурентных преимуществ логистики в рыночной среде, а другая – в обеспечении пространственной связности и транспортной доступности территорий

Optimization of live cargo transportation by road transport

A significant part of the loss of live cargo (poultry) occurs in the process of its transportation by road to the processing plant. Currently, there are no studies of the factors that determine these losses, a mathematical model for optimizing the density of live cargo placement in a transport container, a method for managing delays at various stages of transportation, taking into account the structure of a modern poultry complex and the level of automation of its communication systems. In this regard, it can be argued that the purpose of this study, which is to increase the efficiency of transportation of live cargo by road by controlling the duration of transportation operations and optimizing the density of placement of live cargo in a transport container, is aimed at solving an urgent scientific and practical problem. Theoretical studies are carried out on the basis of the analysis of scientific and regulatory and technical literature, the legal framework, systemic, statistical, factorial and technical and economic analysis, mathematical modeling of the transport process. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of an operating enterprise using the methods of mathematical statistics, computer modeling, field observations. The main results that have scientific novelty are: the dependence of the losses of the transported cargo on delays in loading, moving and unloading the poultry carrier, taking into account the effective ambient temperature and the specific properties of the cargo; mathematical model for optimizing the density of placement of live cargo in a transport container; a method for managing delays at various stages of the transportation of live cargo by road. Further research is supposed to be carried out in the direction of the development of intellectual support for the management of transportation, both of live poultry within the boundaries of the enterprise, and of finished products

Assessment of operational reliability of quarry excavator-dump truck complexes

The method proposed in the article is based on the mathematical apparatus for quantitative assessment of the reliability of majority schemes of structural redundancy of transport processes, which provide the availability and usage of several backup delivery channels in the transport process in case of any malfunction. The principle of multi-channel haulage is commonly used in quarries for transportation of overburden and minerals from benches by dump trucks, when excavators and dump trucks performing cyclic operations function as a single excavator-dump truck complex. This pattern of work significantly increases the likelihood of fulfilling the daily plan for transporting rock mass due to the redistribution of dump trucks between mining and overburden excavators in the event of failure of one or more units of mining and handling equipment. The reliability of excavator-dump truck complexes is assessed in three stages: initial data collection for mathematical modeling of excavator-dump truck complex performance; solving the problem of optimizing the distribution of dump trucks between excavators, ensuring maximum productivity of the excavator-dump truck complex; assessment of the reliability of its work depending on the probability of fulfilling the daily plan for the transportation of rock mass. The proposed method is implemented as part of a computer program and makes it possible to automate the operational management of the process of transporting rock mass in a quarry using a mobile application. The developed guidelines can be used for any quarries with automobile transport, regardless of the type of mineral extracted, the mining method, the loading pattern, the capacity of the excavation and loading equipment fleet, and the capacity of operated dump trucks

Synthesis of electric speed controller in the spectral region.

Рассматривается общий порядок и структура алгоритмов решения основной задачи анализа систем управления различных классов при детерминированных воздействиях.We consider the general order and structure of algorithms for solving the basic problems of the analysis of different classes of control systems for deterministic effects

Development of competence for the discipline «Microprocessor technics» based on FPGA Altera company Cyclone III series

Рассматриваются сравнительные характеристики ПЛИС с другими логическими устройствами и целесообразность развития направления и добавления в курс «Микропроцессорная техника» материала для изучения программируемых логических интегральных схем.Consider the comparative characteristics of the FPGA logic with other devices, and the feasibility of the development direction and adding to course "Microprocessor technics" of the material for the study of FPGA

Lean thinking and situational management in assessing the loss of carrying capacity of a vehicle fleet

When planning daily shifts in a motor transport enterprise, the main task is to maximize the use of the vehicle fleet’s carrying capacity, estimated by the amount of cargo that can be transported per shift (day) in the absence of all types of unproductive losses. The solution to this problem can be found within the framework of the concept of lean thinking, the center of which is the identification and elimination of unproductive losses. To identify the factors that caused losses, causal research is used, an example of which, along with others, is the situational approach. The problematic situation is a cause-and-effect complex of factors, the elimination of which ensures an increase in the efficiency of cargo transportation. The situation model contains a quantitative assessment of the goal of eliminating the problem situation, technical and operational indicators characterizing certain types of losses and recommended measures to eliminate them. The purpose of the study is to develop tools for assessing losses in the carrying capacity of a vehicle fleet, based on situational modeling in the implementation of the principles of lean thinking in relation to the transportation of metallurgical cargo. The study used methods of situational analysis, mathematical modeling, and analysis of technical and operational indicators of the transport process. To study the state of the issue, an analysis of scientific literature was carried out. The main results of scientific novelty are: a situational model of vehicle fleet capacity losses; coefficients of loss of vehicle fleet carrying capacity when transporting metallurgical cargo. Calculation of vehicle fleet capacity loss coefficients must be made using the capabilities of intelligent navigation control systems. Further research is expected to be conducted in the direction of developing specific applications of the concept of lean thinking and situational approach to increasing the efficiency of cargo transportation, as well as in the direction of developing digital systems for managing road transport

Methodology for rationing material resources for buses

The industry standards for the consumption of material resources currently in force in road transport are advisory in nature and are used by carriers in their current work for production planning. Industry standards, regulated, for example, by order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 158 dated May 30, 2019, establish resource consumption on an average for all road carriers of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the individual operating conditions of the rolling stock and the organization of the transport process is possible only by a correction factor to the fuel consumption rate, the calculation method of which is not regulated. The result is low convergence of planned and actual traffic figures. An effective solution to this problem is the use of resource consumption rates calculated on the basis of statistical data on the consumption of material resources obtained using the means of objective control and data storage of ERP systems. This will make it possible to fully take into account the complex of significant factors that determine the volume of consumption of material resources, reduce the amount of inventory, increase the turnover of funds, and increase the accuracy of rationing and pricing processes for any trucking company. However, the substantiation of such resource consumption norms requires an assessment of the influence of significant factors, the establishment of a relationship between them and the development of a mathematical apparatus for normalization. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which is to increase the efficiency of passenger transportation by buses based on ensuring the reliability of material resource consumption rates, taking into account individual operating conditions, is aimed at solving an urgent scientific and practical problem. Theoretical studies are carried out on the basis of the analysis of scientific and regulatory and technical literature, the legal framework, systemic, statistical, factorial and technical and economic analysis, economic and mathematical modeling of the transport process, and expert evaluation. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of operating passenger transport enterprises using the methods of mathematical statistics, computer modeling, field observations. The main results of scientific novelty are: a set of qualitative characteristics and quantitative indicators of factors that determine the consumption of material resources in the operation of the bus fleet; mathematical models for calculating the consumption rates of fuels and lubricants, spare parts and car tires, as well as the corresponding standard operating costs; dependence of indicators of operating consumption of diesel fuel, resource mileage of automobile tires on the magnitude of significant factors established for domestically produced buses of various capacities. Further research is supposed to be carried out in the direction of the development of resource saving methods in the motor transport complex

СТРУКТУРНОЕ РЕЗЕРВИРОВАНИЕ НА АВТОМОБИЛЬНОМ ТРАНСПОРТЕ

The authors examine reliability of technical systems as a scientific category and an object of application of methodological and mathematical tools that help to assess the required performance, to find task relevant criteria and ways to switch on reserves. Priorities are structural redundancy, classification of its kinds, projection of calculated options on the features of automobile transportation. Demonstrated approaches are based on reliability theory, systems theory, laws of logic, Boolean functions.Авторы рассматривают надежность технических систем как научную категорию и объект приложения методологических средств, математического аппарата, помогающих оценить искомые показатели, найти подобающие задаче критерии и способы включения резервов. Приоритетное направление – структурное резервирование, классификация его видов, проекции расчетных вариантов на специфику автомобильных перевозок. Демонстрируемые подходы опираются на теорию надежности, теорию систем, законы логики, булевские функции

Баланс интересов в договоре на сервисное обслуживание автопарка

For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT The way of achievement of balance of interests of a customer and of a contractor during service of cars which became possible on the basis of differentiation of a contractual value of technical availability rate is grounded. It is suggested within techniques of calculating technical availability rate to take into account the increase in the total number and total labor intensity of repair actions for a calendar period as the car fleet ages. Advantages of the proposed recommendations are shown at the example of service maintenance of open-pit dump trucks of a large metallurgical enterprise. Keywords: car fleet, service maintenance, technical availability rate, contractual value, balance of interests. REFERENCES 1.Gryaznov, M.V., Antropova, E.M., Balikova, E. 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Yu.Operation of lifting, transport, construction and road machines: Textbook [Ekspluatacija pod’emno-transportnyh, stroitel’nyh i dorozhnyh mashin: Uchebnik].Moscow, Akademia publ., 2007, 512 p. 23.Spirin, I. V. Organization and management of passenger road transportation: Textbook [Organizacija i upravlenie passazhirskimi avtomobil’nymi perevozkami: Uchebnik].5th ed., rev.Moscow, Academia publ., 2010, 400 p. 24.Turevsky, I. S. Road transportation: educational guide [Avtomobil’nye perevozki: ucheb. posobie].Moscow, Forum; Infra-M, 2008, 224 p. 25.Velmozhin, A.V., Gudkov, V.A., Mirotin, L.B., Kulikov, A. V. Freight road transportation: textbook for universities [Gruzovye avtomobil’nye perevozki: uchebnik dlja vuzov].Moscow, Gorjachaja linija - Telekom, 2006, 560 p. 26.Gorev, A. E. Freight road transportation: educational guide [Gruzovye avtomobil’nye perevozki: Ucheb. posobie].5th ed., rev.Moscow, Academia publ., 2008, 288 p. 27.Chubenko, E. F. The main performance indicators of vehicles of freight road transport [Osnovnye pokazateli raboty podvizhnogo sostava gruzovogo avtomobil’nogo transporta].Vestnik Vladivostokskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i servisa, 2011, Iss.2, pp.77-80. 28.Bachurin, A. A. Planning and forecasting of activities of road transport organizations: educational guide [Planirovanie i prognozirovanie dejatel’nosti avtotransportnyh organizacij: Ucheb. posobie].Moscow, Academia publ., 2011, 272 p. 29.Gryaznov, M.V., Krupnov, A. M. Search of labor productivity reserves of maintenance personnel of the TSAGA LLC «Autotransportnoe upravlenie» [Poisk rezervov proizvoditel’nosti truda remontnogo personala CRGA OOO «Avtotransportnoe upravlenie»].Vestnik MGTU im. G. I. Nosova,2007, Iss.2, pp.93-94. 30.Gryaznov, M.V., Tverdokhlebov, B.A., Nikitina, K. E.Organization of service maintenance of dump trucks in the conditions of ODE of OJSC MMK [Organizacija servisnogo obsluzhivanija avtosamosvalov v uslovijah GOP OAO «MMK»].Mining, processing and application of natural stone: collection of scientific works on the proceedings of international scientific-technical conference.Iss.10, Magnitogorsk, MSTU publ., 2010, pp.172-180. 31.Kurganov, V.M., Gryaznov, M. V. Management of reliability of transport systems and processes of road transportation: Monograph [Upravlenie nadezhnost’ju transportnyh sistem i processov avtomobil’nyh perevozok: Monografija].Magnitogorsk, Dom pechati publ., 2013, 318 p.Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).Обоснован способ достижения баланса интересов заказчика и исполнителя работ по сервисному обслуживанию автомобилей, который стал возможен на основе дифференциации договорной величины коэффициента технической готовности. Предложено в методике расчёта коэффициента технической готовности учитывать увеличение общего количества и суммарной трудоёмкости ремонтных воздействий за календарный период по мере старения автопарка. Преимущества предлагаемых рекомендаций показаны на примере сервисного обслуживания карьерных автосамосвалов крупного металлургического предприятия