Achieving an "enlightened" publications policy at the University of Glasgow

The University of Glasgow has led the way in open access developments since 2001. This article charts the progress of open access at Glasgow through the development of the DAEDALUS Project in 2002 to the launch of the University's repository, Enlighten. Key factors leading to the recent announcement of a mandate for the deposit of research publications are discussed, including the impact of the Research Assessment Exercise and the need for a central publications database at Glasgow

On the road to Enlighten-ment: establishing an institutional repository service for the University of Glasgow

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to chart the development and growth of open access and institutional repositories at the University of Glasgow, Scotland from initial work in 2001 to the University's recently launched service, Enlighten. The University of Glasgow is a signatory to the Scottish Open Access Declaration and recently released a statement on Open Access.<p></p> Design/methodology/approach – The study will focus on the key lessons learned through a twin track approach of advocacy and service development during the DAEDALUS Project (2002-2005) and the transition of that work to a University service called Enlighten. This service includes a repository for published and peer-reviewed papers which has now had over 2 million hits and over 270,000 PDF downloads since it was established in February 2004.<p></p> Findings – The paper reveals the lessons learned by the Library and the project team. It also identifies the range of issues which must be addressed in the successful implementation of a repository and its transition to a production service. These include the development of content policies, copyright clearance and the cultural change necessary to populate a repository service. These challenges have and continue to be addressed by the repository team at the University of Glasgow.<p></p> Originality/value – This paper provides details of the lessons learned in the practical experience of setting up an institutional repository and ensuring its transition to a full and supported University service. It will be of particular interest to institutions implementing a repository or running a pilot service.<p></p&gt

The impact of visual floor patterns on human locomotion

Bipedal gait is one of the most fundamental human behaviours, with the visual system guiding our movements through the environment that we are in. Our visual system is thought to have evolved to detect signals necessary for survival, whilst reducing noise, in the environmental niche of our past. Yet, the visual information of the built environments we live in today diverges substantially from those in which we evolved, with visual information necessary for survival in nature often prevalent as decorative background patterns in modern design. This raises the principle question of this thesis, namely, how well our visual system is able to guide our movements through modern built environments. To answer this question, three assumptions were tested: First, if well-adapted to a modern environment, visual prediction errors about the state of this environment should be minimal. Therefore, gait should not be affected by task-irrelevant visual information, such as regular and repetitive decorative floor patterns, even when the visual input does not match that of the physical world. Three different experiments revealed that high-contrast illusory depth patterns negatively impacted people’s subjective walking experience, and led to adjustments in stepping locations that adhere with the illusory information of the floors. This provided first evidence that the visual system is susceptible to prediction errors about the state of the environment, derived from design choices, to successfully guide gait. Second, there should be no gait adaptation or entrainment to task-irrelevant visuo-spatial information of decorative floor patterns of otherwise flat, hazard-free floors. The results here revealed small but reliable differences in gait measures when walking over such patterns, indicating again that the gait cycle is not completely immune to changes of visuospatial decorative information on the ground plane. Third, gait should not be negatively affected by task-irrelevant pattern noise, even if such noise were to produce aversive reactions, such as visual discomfort. Converging evidence from five experiments, however, revealed that certain spatial frequencies, contrast, and luminance of floor patterns negatively impacted gait, in line with predictions of changes in signal-to-noise ratio between task-relevant signals for walking and task-irrelevant background noise. Collectively, these results indicate that decorative, task-irrelevant floor patterns have the capacity to introduce noise into the visual system when walking, resulting in more cautious gait behaviour. This work is a first, yet fundamental, step toward understanding how low-level, task-irrelevant, visual patterns prevalent in our built environment, impacts gait in a way that might increase fall risk in vulnerable groups within our society. Findings emphasise that the way we design our environments needs to account for the way in which our visual system guides our movements, ultimately affecting population health and wellbeing. <br/

Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a nomadic yeast with no niche?

Different species are usually thought to have specific adaptations, which allow them to occupy different ecological niches. But recent neutral ecology theory suggests that species diversity can simply be the result of random sampling, due to finite population sizes and limited dispersal. Neutral models predict that species are not necessarily adapted to specific niches, but are functionally equivalent across a range of habitats. Here we evaluate the ecology of S. cerevisiae, one of the most important microbial species in human history. The artificial collection, concentration, and fermentation of large volumes of fruit for alcohol production produces an environment in which S. cerevisiae thrives, and therefore it is assumed that fruit is the ecological niche that S. cerevisiae inhabits and has adapted to. We find very little direct evidence that S. cerevisiae is adapted to fruit, or indeed to any other specific niche. We propose instead a neutral nomad model for S. cerevisiae, which we believe should be used as the starting hypothesis in attempting to unravel the ecology of this important microbe

The Success of Gay–Straight Alliances in Waterloo Region, Ontario: A Confluence of Political and Social Factors

This article outlines how gay–straight alliances (GSAs) work to connect youth with community resources, and outlines the political and social context of GSAs in Waterloo Region, Ontario, Canada. Fifteen individuals (youth, teachers, and a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ] youth service provider) participated in interviews about the role of GSAs in creating supportive school environments for LGBTQ youth and their allies. Analyses of the interview data found that, apart from providing direct support to LGBTQ students, GSAs in Waterloo Region decrease isolation by connecting youth with other LGBTQ community members, events, and resources. This article discusses how the confluence of government and school board policy and community agency support facilitates the implementation, maintenance, and success of GSAs

Dynamic pinning at a Py/Co interface measured using inductive magnetometry

Broadband FMR responses for metallic single-layer and bi-layer magnetic films with total thicknesses smaller than the microwave magnetic skin depth have been studied. Two different types of microwave transducers were used to excite and detect magnetization precession: a narrow coplanar waveguide and a wide microstrip line. Both transducers show efficient excitation of higher-order standing spin wave modes. The ratio of amplitudes of the first standing spin wave to the fundamental resonant mode is independent of frequency for single films. In contrast, we find a strong variation of the amplitudes with frequency for bi-layers and the ratio is strongly dependent on the ordering of layers with respect to a stripline transducer. Most importantly, cavity FMR measurements on the same samples show considerably weaker amplitudes for the standing spin waves. All experimental data are consistent with expected effects due to screening by eddy currents in films with thicknesses below the microwave magnetic skin depth. Finally, conditions for observing eddy current effects in different types of experiments are critically examined

Literacy Text Selections in Secondary School Classrooms: Exploring the Practices of English Teachers as Agents of Change

The purpose of this paper is to examine how Ontario secondary school English teachers make choices about which literature to teach in their courses. This will be done in order to more deeply understand why many secondary school teachers may or may not encourage students to read contemporary, social issue texts. This paper uses a critical sociology of schooling theoretical perspective to critique the study\u27s findings. We examine the relation between policies and practice, the issue of resources and structural barriers, and how decisions are made around literary text choices. Some themes that emerged out of the interviews focus on a range of views expressed about personal agency, literary canons, gender, sexual orientation, and racism as central issues that shape text selection. We conclude by arguing for the need for policy to support individual teachers to take risks in their professional ability to select and teach contemporary social issues texts to high school students in all disciplines

Exchange anisotropy pinning of a standing spin wave mode

Standing spin waves in a thin film are used as sensitive probes of interface pinning induced by an antiferromagnet through exchange anisotropy. Using coplanar waveguide ferromagnetic resonance, pinning of the lowest energy spin wave thickness mode in Ni(80)Fe(20)/Ir(25)Mn(75) exchange biased bilayers was studied for a range of IrMn thicknesses. We show that pinning of the standing mode can be used to amplify, relative to the fundamental resonance, frequency shifts associated with exchange bias. The shifts provide a unique `fingerprint' of the exchange bias and can be interpreted in terms of an effective ferromagnetic film thickness and ferromagnet/antiferromagnet interface anisotropy. Thermal effects are studied for ultra-thin antiferromagnetic Ir(25)Mn(75) thicknesses, and the onset of bias is correlated with changes in the pinning fields. The pinning strength magnitude is found to grow with cooling of the sample, while the effective ferromagnetic film thickness simultaneously decreases. These results suggest that exchange bias involves some deformation of magnetic order in the interface region.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure