674 research outputs found
The Electron-Phonon Interaction of Low-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Materials from He Atom Scattering
Atom scattering is becoming recognized as a sensitive probe of the
electron-phonon interaction parameter at metal and metal-overlayer
surfaces. Here, the theory is developed linking to the thermal
attenuation of atom scattering spectra (in particular, the Debye-Waller
factor), to conducting materials of different dimensions, from quasi-one
dimensional systems such as W(110):H(11) and Bi(114), to quasi-two
dimensional layered chalcogenides and high-dimensional surfaces such as
quasicrystalline 2ML-Ba(0001)/Cu(001) and d-AlNiCo(00001). Values of
obtained using He atoms compare favorably with known values for the bulk
materials. The corresponding analysis indicates in addition the number of
layers contributing to the electron-phonon interaction that is measured in an
atom surface collision.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
Fermion resonance in quantum field theory
We derive accurately the fermion resonance propagator by means of Dyson
summation of the self-energy contribution. It turns out that the relativistic
fermion resonance differs essentially from its boson analog.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, revtex4 class; references added, style
correction
Mixing of fermion fields of opposite parities and baryon resonances
We consider a loop mixing of two fermion fields of opposite parities whereas
the parity is conserved in a Lagrangian. Such kind of mixing is specific for
fermions and has no analogy in boson case. Possible applications of this effect
may be related with physics of baryon resonances. The obtained matrix
propagator defines a pair of unitary partial amplitudes which describe the
production of resonances of spin and different parity or
. The use of our amplitudes for joint description of
partial waves and shows that the discussed effect is clearly
seen in these partial waves as the specific form of interference between
resonance and background. Another interesting application of this effect may be
a pair of partial waves and where the picture is more
complicated due to presence of several resonance states.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, more detailed comparison with \pi N PW
Meromorphic Approximants to Complex Cauchy Transforms with Polar Singularities
We study AAK-type meromorphic approximants to functions , where is a
sum of a rational function and a Cauchy transform of a complex measure
with compact regular support included in , whose argument has
bounded variation on the support. The approximation is understood in -norm
of the unit circle, . We obtain that the counting measures of poles of
the approximants converge to the Green equilibrium distribution on the support
of relative to the unit disk, that the approximants themselves
converge in capacity to , and that the poles of attract at least as many
poles of the approximants as their multiplicity and not much more.Comment: 39 pages, 4 figure
Is constant needle motion during soft tissue filler injections a safer procedure?:A theoretical mathematical model for evaluating patient safety
BackgroundThe safety rationale behind the constant needle motion injection technique is based on the assumption that due to the constant needle motion and simultaneous soft tissue filler material administration a smaller amount of product per area may be injected into an artery if an artery within the range of the moving needle is inadvertently entered.ObjectiveTo perform mathematical calculations for determining the probability for causing intra-arterial product administration when constantly moving the needle during facial aesthetic soft tissue filler injections.MethodsThis study was designed as a theoretical investigation into the probabilities for causing adverse events due to intravascular injection of soft tissue filler material when constantly moving a 27-G needle during facial soft tissue filler administration.ResultsIt was revealed that with a higher number of conducted injection passes a greater soft tissue area can be covered by the needle. The odds of encountering an artery within the covered soft tissue volume and the odds of injecting any volume greater than zero into the arterial blood stream increases with the number of performed injection passes. This increase is greatest between 1 and 10 performed injection passes.ConclusionThis model demonstrates that the constant needle motion technique increases the probability of encountering an artery within the treatment area and thus increases the odds for intra-arterial product administration. The constant needle motion technique does not increase safety but rather may increase the odds of causing intra-arterial product administration with the respective adverse consequences for the patient
Fractional Kinetics for Relaxation and Superdiffusion in Magnetic Field
We propose fractional Fokker-Planck equation for the kinetic description of
relaxation and superdiffusion processes in constant magnetic and random
electric fields. We assume that the random electric field acting on a test
charged particle is isotropic and possesses non-Gaussian Levy stable
statistics. These assumptions provide us with a straightforward possibility to
consider formation of anomalous stationary states and superdiffusion processes,
both properties are inherent to strongly non-equilibrium plasmas of solar
systems and thermonuclear devices. We solve fractional kinetic equations, study
the properties of the solution, and compare analytical results with those of
numerical simulation based on the solution of the Langevin equations with the
noise source having Levy stable probability density. We found, in particular,
that the stationary states are essentially non-Maxwellian ones and, at the
diffusion stage of relaxation, the characteristic displacement of a particle
grows superdiffusively with time and is inversely proportional to the magnetic
field.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures PostScrip
THE USE OF MODERN MODE CONTROLS TO INCREASE NETWORK BANDWIDTH
Благодаря интенсивному развитию электроэнергетических систем все более актуальными становятся вопросы развития эффективных средств распределения и передачи электроэнергии, а также управления режимами энергосистем. В работе рассматриваются пути повышения пропускной способности электрических сетей с учетом технических ограничений по нагреву, потери мощности и напряжения и по условию повышения надежности. Рассмотрены такие технические мероприятия как использование устройств регулирования реактивной мощности; применение управляемых и неуправляемых устройств продольной компенсации; рассматривается актуальность внедрения фазоповоротных устройств.Due to the intensive development of electric power systems, the development of efficient means of distribution and transmission of electric power, as well as the management of power system regimes, become increasingly active. The paper considers ways to increase the capacity of electrical networks, taking into account technical limitations on heating, power and voltage losses and on the condition of increasing reliability. Such technical measures as the use of reactive power control devices are considered; The use of controlled and uncontrolled longitudinal compensation devices; The urgency of introducing phase-rotation devices is considered
Understanding Anomalous Transport in Intermittent Maps: From Continuous Time Random Walks to Fractals
We show that the generalized diffusion coefficient of a subdiffusive
intermittent map is a fractal function of control parameters. A modified
continuous time random walk theory yields its coarse functional form and
correctly describes a dynamical phase transition from normal to anomalous
diffusion marked by strong suppression of diffusion. Similarly, the probability
density of moving particles is governed by a time-fractional diffusion equation
on coarse scales while exhibiting a specific fine structure. Approximations
beyond stochastic theory are derived from a generalized Taylor-Green-Kubo
formula.Comment: 4 pages, 3 eps figure
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