Strengthening HIV surveillance in the antiretroviral therapy era: rationale and design of a longitudinal study to monitor HIV prevalence and incidence in the uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

CAPRISA, 2015.Abstract available in pdf

Anaesthesia associated mortality in a district hospital in Zimbabwe: 1994 to 2001

Objective: To describe anaesthetic associated mortality in a district hospital in Zimbabwe. Design: A retrospective descriptive study of anaesthesia associated mortality over an eight year period. Setting: Murambinda Mission Hospital: a 120 bed rural district hospital in Zimbabwe. Subjects: All patients who died within 24 hours of receiving an anaesthetic. Main Outcome Measures: The overall mortality rate (OMR), being all deaths up to 24 hours after an anaesthetic. Avoidable anaesthetic mortality rate (AMR), are deaths in which correctable anaesthetic factors played a major role. Results: An overall mortality rate (OMR) of 1:344 (2.9 deaths/1 000 anaesthetics) and avoidable mortality rate (AMR) for anaesthesia of 1:482 (2.1 deaths/1 000 anaesthetics) are reported. Factors under the control of the anaesthetist accounted for 72% of mortalities (AMR:OM R). Ail were emergency obstetric patients and had emergency surgery. The hospital maternal mortality rate of 360 per 100 000 and an operative obstetric mortality of 1:293 (3.4 deaths/1 000) are reported. Conclusions: Most of the anaesthetic factors are preventable. These results, although very poor, are consistent with reports from hospitals in the region. By comparison, developed countries are at least 10 times better. Improving the provision, skills, support and profile of anaesthesia providers in the care of peri operative patients, would reduce anaesthesia-associated factors in peri operative mortality. A system of national audit data collection comparable to the CEPOD or Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths is overdue in Zimbabwe

Pulvermetallurgie hochgestickter Staehle Abschlussbericht

New stainless high nitrogen steels from the powder metallurgical process are characterized by high wear and corrosion resistance at combined strength and fracture toughness. A new method for the preparation of such steels includes the smelting of prealloys in vacuum induction furnaces under argon to yield the brittle sigma phase, grinding of the cooled material to a powder of < 300 #mu#m particle size, nitrogen treatment of the powder at 500-900 C and subsequent optimization of the mechanical properties by a finishing treatment. High nitrogen austenitic steels can be used for substitution of Co and Ni containing steel, while high nitrogen martensitic steels exhibit enhanced corrosion and wear resistance. Cylindrical steel components with improved crack stop properties can be obtained by the described laminate technique. (WEN)Carried out in cooperation with ABB PowdermetAvailable from TIB Hannover: F96B99+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman