161 research outputs found
Deep-seated gravitational slope deformation involving glacial evidence in the Rodoretto Valley (NW Alps)
Is the Imposition of Diamond Morphology on Mineral Inclusions a Syngenetic or Post-Genetic Process with Respect to Diamond Formation?
Pre-alpine tectono-stratigraphic reconstruction of the jurassic tethys in the high-pressure internal piedmont zone (Stura di Viù Valley, Western Alps)
A new volvate Macrolepiota (Agaricomycetes, Agaricales) from Italy, with observations on the M. procera complex
Structural evolution along the Susa Shear Zone: the role of a first-order shear zone in the exhumation of meta-ophiolite units (Western Alps)
Timing of exhumation of meta-ophiolite units in the Western Alps: New tectonic implications from 40Ar/39Ar white mica ages from Piedmont Zone (Susa Valley)
At the nexus of three kingdoms: the genome of the mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita provides insights into plant, endobacterial and fungal interactions.
As members of the plant microbiota, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycotina) symbiotically colonize plant roots. AMF also possess their own microbiota, hosting some uncultivable endobacteria. Ongoing research has revealed the genetics underlying plant responses to colonization by AMF, but the fungal side of the relationship remains in the dark. Here, we sequenced the genome of Gigaspora margarita, a member of the Gigasporaceae in an early diverging group of the Glomeromycotina. In contrast to other AMF, G. margarita may host distinct endobacterial populations and possesses the largest fungal genome so far annotated (773.104 Mbp), with more than 64% transposable elements. Other unique traits of the G. margarita genome include the expansion of genes for inorganic phosphate metabolism, the presence of genes for production of secondary metabolites and a considerable number of potential horizontal gene transfer events. The sequencing of G. margarita genome reveals the importance of its immune system, shedding light on the evolutionary pathways that allowed early diverging fungi to interact with both plants and bacteria
Species recognition in Pluteus and Volvopluteus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales): morphology, geography and phylogeny
Salt stress in olive tree shapes resident endophytic microbiota
Olea europaea L. is a glycophyte representing one of the most important plants in the Mediterranean area, both from an economic and agricultural point of view. Its adaptability to different environmental conditions enables its cultivation in numerous agricultural scenarios, even on marginal areas, characterized by soils unsuitable for other crops. Salt stress represents one current major threats to crop production, including olive tree. In order to overcome this constraint, several cultivars have been evaluated over the years using biochemical and physiological methods to select the most suitable ones for cultivation in harsh environments. Thus the development of novel methodologies have provided useful tools for evaluating the adaptive capacity of cultivars, among which the evaluation of the plant-microbiota ratio, which is important for the maintenance of plant homeostasis. In the present study, four olive tree cultivars (two traditional and two for intensive cultivation) were subjected to saline stress using two concentrations of salt, 100 mM and 200 mM. The effects of stress on diverse cultivars were assessed by using biochemical analyses (i.e., proline, carotenoid and chlorophyll content), showing a cultivar-dependent response. Additionally, the olive tree response to stress was correlated with the leaf endophytic bacterial community. Results of the metabarcoding analyses showed a significant shift in the resident microbiome for plants subjected to moderate salt stress, which did not occur under extreme salt-stress conditions. In the whole, these results showed that the integration of stress markers and endophytic community represents a suitable approach to evaluate the adaptation of cultivars to environmental stresses
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