The Public Education of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Northeast Ohio;the Examination and Comparison of Current Practices to the Perspective of Parents and Professionals

This study examined the perceptions of professionals and parents of children with autism regarding quality indicators of successful educational practices in Northeast Ohio and compared this information to current literature trends. The study used questionnaires and interviews to look at these topics and compare them to the perceptions of stakeholders. Results indicate that stakeholder perceptions are similar to those promoted in the literature. Parents and professionals perceived methodology based interventions that are individualized and delivered by highly trained and qualified personnel to be the most important components of an educational program for students with autism. Barriers to delivering these services in Ohio included school financing and public school policy. Results of the study were consistent with current literature in most respects, with the exception of defining a particular methodological intervention for students. Stakeholders believed a variety of methodology based interventions were most effective to meet individual student need

Reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns of CrSi_2 films on (111) silicon

Highly oriented films of the semiconducting transition metal silicide, CrSi2, were grown on (111) silicon substrates, with the matching crystallographic faces being CrSi_2(001)/Si(111). Reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) yielded symmetric patterns of sharp streaks. The expected streak spacings for different incident RHEED beam directions were calculated from the reciprocal net of the CrSi_2(001) face and shown to match the observed spacings. The predominant azimuthal orientation of the films was thus determined to be CrSi_2〈210〉∥Si〈110〉. This highly desirable heteroepitaxial relationship may be described with a common unit mesh of 51 Å^2 and a mismatch of −0.3%. RHEED also revealed the presence of limited film regions of a competing azimuthal orientation, CrSi_2〈110〉∥Si〈110〉. A new common unit mesh for this competing orientation is suggested; it possesses an area of 612 Å^2 and a mismatch of −1.2%

Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) Architecture

This document describes a general architecture for flow admission and termination based on pre-congestion information in order to protect the quality of service of established, inelastic flows within a single Diffserv domain.\u

Channeling of MeV ions in polyatomic epitaxial films: ReSi2 on Si(100)

Channeling of a He beam in the energy range from 1.4 to 2.7 MeV in a polyatomic epitaxial ReSi2 film (∼150 nm thick) was studied by detecting backscattered He ions. The critical angles and the minimum yields of both the heavy (Re) and the light (Si) elements are obtained directly from backscattering measurements. The critical angles of both Re and Si scale as √1/E. The critical angle of Re is always about 2.3 times that of Si. The minimum yields of both Re and Si do not change over this energy range. The minimum yield of Re (2%) is about 1/7 that of Si (14%). The results are explained qualitatively and quantitatively by the continuum model suitably extended for polyatomic crystals. An important corollary is that a high value for the minimum yield of the light element in a polyatomic single crystal does not necessarily mean that the sublattice of the light element is disordered

Highly sensitive and label-free digital detection of whole cell E. coli with interferometric reflectance imaging

Bacterial infectious diseases are a major threat to human health. Timely and sensitive pathogenic bacteria detection is crucial in identifying the bacterial contaminations and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Due to limitations of conventional bacteria detection techniques there have been concerted research efforts towards development of new biosensors. Biosensors offering label free, whole bacteria detection are highly desirable over those relying on label based or pathogenic molecular components detection. The major advantage is eliminating the additional time and cost required for labeling or extracting the desired bacterial components. Here, we demonstrate rapid, sensitive and label free E. coli detection utilizing interferometric reflectance imaging enhancement allowing for visualizing individual pathogens captured on the surface. Enabled by our ability to count individual bacteria on a large sensor surface, we demonstrate a limit of detection of 2.2 CFU/ml from a buffer solution with no sample preparation. To the best of our knowledge, this high level of sensitivity for whole E. coli detection is unprecedented in label free biosensing. The specificity of our biosensor is validated by comparing the response to target bacteria E. coli and non target bacteria S. aureus, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa. The biosensor performance in tap water also proves that its detection capability is unaffected by the sample complexity. Furthermore, our sensor platform provides high optical magnification imaging and thus validation of recorded detection events as the target bacteria based on morphological characterization. Therefore, our sensitive and label free detection method offers new perspectives for direct bacterial detection in real matrices and clinical samples.First author draf

Selectively oxidised vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with 50% power conversion efficiency

Includes bibliographical references (page 209).Index-guided vertical cavity top-surface emitting laser diodes have been fabricated from an all epitaxial structure with conducting mirrors by selective lateral oxidation of AlGaAs. Low voltage, a 78% slope efficiency, and a 350μA threshold current in a single device combine to yield a maximum power conversion efficiency of 50% at less than a 2mA drive current. The device operates in a single mode up to 1.5mW

Functional genomics and microbiome profiling of the Asian longhorned beetle (\u3ci\u3eAnoplophora glabripennis\u3c/i\u3e) reveal insights into the digestive physiology and nutritional ecology of wood feeding beetles

Background: Wood-feeding beetles harbor an ecologically rich and taxonomically diverse assemblage of gut microbes that appear to promote survival in woody tissue, which is devoid of nitrogen and essential nutrients. Nevertheless, the contributions of these apparent symbionts to digestive physiology and nutritional ecology remain uncharacterized in most beetle lineages. Results: Through parallel transcriptome profiling of beetle- and microbial- derived mRNAs, we demonstrate that the midgut microbiome of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), a member of the beetle family Cerambycidae, is enriched in biosynthetic pathways for the synthesis of essential amino acids, vitamins, and sterols. Consequently, the midgut microbiome of A. glabripennis can provide essential nutrients that the beetle cannot obtain from its woody diet or synthesize itself. The beetle gut microbiota also produce their own suite of transcripts that can enhance lignin degradation, degrade hemicellulose, and ferment xylose and wood sugars. An abundance of cellulases from several glycoside hydrolase families are expressed endogenously by A. glabripennis, as well as transcripts that allow the beetle to convert microbe-synthesized essential amino acids into non-essential amino acids. A. glabripennis and its gut microbes likely collaborate to digest carbohydrates and convert released sugars and amino acid intermediates into essential nutrients otherwise lacking from their woody host plants. Conclusions: The nutritional provisioning capabilities of the A. glabripennis gut microbiome may contribute to the beetles’ unusually broad host range. The presence of some of the same microbes in the guts of other Cerambycidae and other wood-feeding beetles suggests that partnerships with microbes may be a facilitator of evolutionary radiations in beetles, as in certain other groups of insects, allowing access to novel food sources through enhanced nutritional provisioning