The role of market orientation and innovation capability in export performance of small-and medium-sized enterprises: a Latin American perspective

Purpose - This study aims to extend the existing base of knowledge of proactive and reactive market orientation and innovation capability by testing their impact on the export performance of emerging-market small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a Latin American context. Design/methodology/approach - This paper is a replication study, and its data were collected through a survey answered by general, marketing, sales or export managers at 155 Mexican SMEs. The research model was tested using partial least squares. Findings - The study results indicate that innovation capability and reactive market orientation are drivers of export performance in Latin American SMEs. Moreover, proactive market orientation has been found to have an indirect effect on export results. Practical implications - This study highlights to managers of Latin American SMEs the importance of capability development and deployment to improve export performance. Social implications - SMEs enabled by strategic and technological innovation based on current and latent customer needs can advantageously perform in foreign markets and can drive economic growth and social and human development in Latin America. Originality/value - Recent studies have focused on emerging-market enterprises and the necessity of developing dynamic capabilities to achieve internationalisation. This study extends previous research by assessing the robustness and generalizability of drivers in export performance for manufacturing SMEs in Latin America. In particular, it provides empirical insights on the capabilities to develop by Latin American SMEs to achieve better export performance

Land Use Classification of VHR Images for Mapping Small-Sized Abandoned Citrus Plots by Using Spectral and Textural Information

[EN] Agricultural land abandonment is an increasing problem in Europe. The Comunitat Valenciana Region (Spain) is one of the most important citrus producers in Europe suffering this problem. This region characterizes by small sized citrus plots and high spatial fragmentation which makes necessary to use Very High-Resolution images to detect abandoned plots. In this paper spectral and Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM)-based textural information derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are used to map abandoned citrus plots in Oliva municipality (eastern Spain). The proposed methodology is based on three general steps: (a) extraction of spectral and textural features from the image, (b) pixel-based classification of the image using the Random Forest algorithm, and (c) assignment of a single value per plot by majority voting. The best results were obtained when extracting the texture features with a 9 x 9 window size and the Random Forest model showed convergence around 100 decision trees. Cross-validation of the model showed an overall accuracy of the pixel-based classification of 87% and an overall accuracy of the plot-based classification of 95%. All the variables used are statistically significant for the classification, however the most important were contrast, dissimilarity, NIR band (720 nm), and blue band (620 nm). According to our results, 31% of the plots classified as citrus in Oliva by current methodology are abandoned. This is very important to avoid overestimating crop yield calculations by public administrations. The model was applied successfully outside the main study area (Oliva municipality); with a slightly lower accuracy (92%). This research provides a new approach to map small agricultural plots, especially to detect land abandonment in woody evergreen crops that have been little studied until now.This research was funded by regional government of Spain, Generalitat Valenciana, within the framework of the research project AICO/2020/246 and the APC was also funded by the research project AICO/2020/246.Morell-Monzó, S.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.; Estornell Cremades, J. (2021). Land Use Classification of VHR Images for Mapping Small-Sized Abandoned Citrus Plots by Using Spectral and Textural Information. Remote Sensing. 13(4):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040681S11813

Comparison of Sentinel-2 and High-Resolution Imagery for Mapping Land Abandonment in Fragmented Areas

[EN] Agricultural land abandonment is an important environmental issue in Europe. The proper management of agricultural areas has important implications for ecosystem services (food production, biodiversity, climate regulation and the landscape). In the coming years, an increase of abandoned areas is expected due to socio-economic changes. The identification and quantification of abandoned agricultural plots is key for monitoring this process and for applying management measures. The Valencian Region (Spain) is an important fruit and vegetable producing area in Europe, and it has the most important citrus industry. However, this agricultural sector is highly threatened by diverse factors, which have accelerated land abandonment. Landsat and MODIS satellite images have been used to map land abandonment. However, these images do not give good results in areas with high spatial fragmentation and small-sized agricultural plots. Sentinel-2 and airborne imagery shows unexplored potential to overcome this thanks to higher spatial resolutions. In this work, three models were compared for mapping abandoned plots using Sentinel-2 with 10 m bands, Sentinel-2 with 10 m and 20 m bands, and airborne imagery with 1 m visible and near-infrared bands. A pixel-based classification approach was used, applying the Random Forests algorithm. The algorithm was trained with 144 plots and 100 decision trees. The results were validated using the hold-out method with 96 independent plots. The most accurate map was obtained using airborne images, the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Thiam's Transformed Vegetation Index (TTVI), with an overall accuracy of 88.5%. The map generated from Sentinel-2 images (10 m bands and the EVI and TTVI spectral indices) had an overall accuracy of 77.1%. Adding 20 m Sentinel-2 bands and the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) did not improve the classification accuracy. According to the most accurate map, 4310 abandoned plots were detected in our study area, representing 32.5% of its agricultural surface. The proposed methodology proved to be useful for mapping citrus in highly fragmented areas, and it can be adapted to other crops.Morell-Monzó, S.; Estornell Cremades, J.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M. (2020). Comparison of Sentinel-2 and High-Resolution Imagery for Mapping Land Abandonment in Fragmented Areas. Remote Sensing. 12(12):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12122062S1181212MacDonald, D., Crabtree, J. ., Wiesinger, G., Dax, T., Stamou, N., Fleury, P., … Gibon, A. (2000). Agricultural abandonment in mountain areas of Europe: Environmental consequences and policy response. Journal of Environmental Management, 59(1), 47-69. doi:10.1006/jema.1999.0335Kosmas, C., Kairis, O., Karavitis, C., Acikalin, S., Alcalá, M., Alfama, P., … Solé-Benet, A. (2015). An exploratory analysis of land abandonment drivers in areas prone to desertification. 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Impact of Farmland Abandonment on Water Resources and Soil Conservation in Citrus Plantations in Eastern Spain. Water, 11(4), 824. doi:10.3390/w11040824Rey Benayas, J. M., & Bullock, J. M. (2012). Restoration of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on Agricultural Land. Ecosystems, 15(6), 883-899. doi:10.1007/s10021-012-9552-0Shrivastava, R. J., & Gebelein, J. L. (2007). Land cover classification and economic assessment of citrus groves using remote sensing. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 61(5), 341-353. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2006.10.003Löw, F., Prishchepov, A., Waldner, F., Dubovyk, O., Akramkhanov, A., Biradar, C., & Lamers, J. (2018). Mapping Cropland Abandonment in the Aral Sea Basin with MODIS Time Series. Remote Sensing, 10(2), 159. doi:10.3390/rs10020159Alcantara, C., Kuemmerle, T., Prishchepov, A. V., & Radeloff, V. C. (2012). Mapping abandoned agriculture with multi-temporal MODIS satellite data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 124, 334-347. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.019Estel, S., Kuemmerle, T., Alcántara, C., Levers, C., Prishchepov, A., & Hostert, P. (2015). Mapping farmland abandonment and recultivation across Europe using MODIS NDVI time series. Remote Sensing of Environment, 163, 312-325. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2015.03.028Dara, A., Baumann, M., Kuemmerle, T., Pflugmacher, D., Rabe, A., Griffiths, P., … Hostert, P. (2018). Mapping the timing of cropland abandonment and recultivation in northern Kazakhstan using annual Landsat time series. Remote Sensing of Environment, 213, 49-60. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.005Müller, D., Leitão, P. J., & Sikor, T. (2013). Comparing the determinants of cropland abandonment in Albania and Romania using boosted regression trees. Agricultural Systems, 117, 66-77. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2012.12.010Yin, H., Prishchepov, A. V., Kuemmerle, T., Bleyhl, B., Buchner, J., & Radeloff, V. C. (2018). Mapping agricultural land abandonment from spatial and temporal segmentation of Landsat time series. Remote Sensing of Environment, 210, 12-24. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2018.02.050Kuemmerle, T., Hostert, P., Radeloff, V. C., van der Linden, S., Perzanowski, K., & Kruhlov, I. (2008). Cross-border Comparison of Post-socialist Farmland Abandonment in the Carpathians. Ecosystems, 11(4), 614-628. doi:10.1007/s10021-008-9146-zGrădinaru, S. R., Kienast, F., & Psomas, A. (2019). Using multi-seasonal Landsat imagery for rapid identification of abandoned land in areas affected by urban sprawl. Ecological Indicators, 96, 79-86. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.06.022Prishchepov, A. V., Radeloff, V. C., Dubinin, M., & Alcantara, C. (2012). The effect of Landsat ETM/ETM + image acquisition dates on the detection of agricultural land abandonment in Eastern Europe. Remote Sensing of Environment, 126, 195-209. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.08.017Baumann, M., Kuemmerle, T., Elbakidze, M., Ozdogan, M., Radeloff, V. C., Keuler, N. S., … Hostert, P. (2011). Patterns and drivers of post-socialist farmland abandonment in Western Ukraine. Land Use Policy, 28(3), 552-562. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.11.003Szostak, M., Hawryło, P., & Piela, D. (2017). Using of Sentinel-2 images for automation of the forest succession detection. European Journal of Remote Sensing, 51(1), 142-149. doi:10.1080/22797254.2017.1412272Kanjir, U., Đurić, N., & Veljanovski, T. (2018). Sentinel-2 Based Temporal Detection of Agricultural Land Use Anomalies in Support of Common Agricultural Policy Monitoring. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(10), 405. doi:10.3390/ijgi7100405Proisy, C., Viennois, G., Sidik, F., Andayani, A., Enright, J. A., Guitet, S., … Suhardjono. (2018). Monitoring mangrove forests after aquaculture abandonment using time series of very high spatial resolution satellite images: A case study from the Perancak estuary, Bali, Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 131, 61-71. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.056Thanh Noi, P., & Kappas, M. (2017). Comparison of Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machine Classifiers for Land Cover Classification Using Sentinel-2 Imagery. Sensors, 18(2), 18. doi:10.3390/s18010018Maxwell, A. E., Warner, T. A., & Fang, F. (2018). Implementation of machine-learning classification in remote sensing: an applied review. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 39(9), 2784-2817. doi:10.1080/01431161.2018.1433343https://rdrr.io/cran/raster/https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgdal/index.htmlHuete, A., Justice, C., & Liu, H. (1994). Development of vegetation and soil indices for MODIS-EOS. Remote Sensing of Environment, 49(3), 224-234. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(94)90018-3Wilson, E. H., & Sader, S. A. (2002). Detection of forest harvest type using multiple dates of Landsat TM imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 80(3), 385-396. doi:10.1016/s0034-4257(01)00318-2Silleos, N. G., Alexandridis, T. K., Gitas, I. Z., & Perakis, K. (2006). Vegetation Indices: Advances Made in Biomass Estimation and Vegetation Monitoring in the Last 30 Years. Geocarto International, 21(4), 21-28. doi:10.1080/10106040608542399Huete, A. . (1988). A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Remote Sensing of Environment, 25(3), 295-309. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(88)90106-xGitelson, A. A., Kaufman, Y. J., & Merzlyak, M. N. (1996). Use of a green channel in remote sensing of global vegetation from EOS-MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment, 58(3), 289-298. doi:10.1016/s0034-4257(96)00072-7Breiman, L. (2001). Machine Learning, 45(1), 5-32. doi:10.1023/a:1010933404324Gislason, P. O., Benediktsson, J. A., & Sveinsson, J. R. (2006). Random Forests for land cover classification. Pattern Recognition Letters, 27(4), 294-300. doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2005.08.011Breiman, L. (1996). Bagging predictors. Machine Learning, 24(2), 123-140. doi:10.1007/bf00058655Pal, M. (2005). 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Periphyton and phytoplankton assessment in a shrimp nursery: signature pigments analysis

[EN] Understanding microalgae composition is key for an improved aquaculture system management. The primary objective of this research was to estimate microalgae community structure in a Marsupenaeus japonicus nursery. The secondary objective was to analyze the environmental parameters (salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved ammonia, nitrites, nitrates and phosphates) and shrimp density effect on abundance, composition and development of microalgae in a shrimp nursery. Periphyton and phytoplankton composition and abundance were determined using HPLC signature pigment analysis coupled with CHEMTAX software. Environmental parameters were measured in the tanks with probes or in the laboratory following standard procedures of water quality analysis. A nonparametric repeated-measures ANOVA statistical analysis was done to test differences between treatments. Spearman rank correlation analyses were performed on environmental and biological variables with phytoplankton or periphyton groups in order to examine significant relationship. The results showed diatoms were significantly higher than any other groups in both phytoplankton and periphyton communities. Shrimp density effect on periphyton, phytoplankton composition and environmental parameters was minor. Nutrients played a key role on phytoplankton development, but had a minor effect on periphyton, which was more affected by colonization processes and other environmental variables. The analysis of signature pigments allowed to report the presence of previously undetected groups on periphyton, prasinophytes and prymnesiophytes, which are characterized by high nutritional value. This is especially important in nurseries because shrimp grazing on periphyton can increase post-larvae survival.Financial support for this research was provided by Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport of the Generalitat Valenciana, through the program VALi+D, file Number ACIF/2014/244. The authors want to thank the anonymous reviewer for the accurate revision and useful comments which helped to improve the original manuscript.Llario, F.; Rodilla, M.; Falco, S.; Escrivá, J.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M. (2020). Periphyton and phytoplankton assessment in a shrimp nursery: signature pigments analysis. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 17(2):857-868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02515-zS85786817

Exercises using a touchscreen tablet application improved functional ability more than an exercise program prescribed on paper in people after surgical carpal tunnel release: a randomised trial

Question: In people who have undergone surgical carpal tunnel release, do sensorimotor-based exercises performed on the touchscreen of a tablet device improve outcomes more than a conventional home exercise program prescribed on paper? Design: Randomised, parallel-group trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis. Participants: Fifty participants within 10 days of surgical carpal tunnel release. Intervention: Each participant was prescribed a 4-week home exercise program. Participants in the experimental group received the ReHand tablet application, which administered and monitored exercises via the touchscreen. The control group was prescribed a home exercise program on paper, as is usual practice in the public hospital system. Outcome measures: The primary outcome was functional ability of the hand, reported using the shortened form of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were grip strength, pain intensity measured on a 10-cm visual analogue scale, and dexterity measured with the Nine-Hole Peg Test. Outcomes were measured by a blinded assessor at baseline and at the end of the 4-week intervention period. Results: At Week 4, functional ability improved significantly more in the experimental group than the control group (MD –21, 95% CI –33 to –9) on the QuickDASH score (0 to 100). Although the mean estimates of effect on the secondary outcome also all favoured the experimental group, none reached statistical significance: grip strength (MD 5.6 kg, 95% CI –0.5 to 11.7), pain (MD –1.4 cm, 95% CI –2.9 to 0.1), and dexterity (MD –1.3 seconds, 95% CI –3.7 to 1.1). Conclusion: Use of the ReHand tablet application for early rehabilitation after carpal tunnel release is more effective in the recovery of functional ability than a conventional home exercise program. It remains unclear whether there are any benefits in grip strength, pain or dexterity. Trial registration: ACTRN12618001887268

Shadowing and blocking effect optimization for a variable geometry heliostat field

Optimization software is currently a key tool when designing heliostat fields. Shadowing, blocking, atmospheric attenuation, spillage and cosine effect losses can be hugely minimized with proper use of this tool, so they are widely used in this field of work. However, variable geometry is a ground breaking concept that is only recently been researched, and existing optimization software for conventional heliostat fields perform poorly when applied to this new concept, due to the fact that they do not use the advantages that it provides. The code here presented explores this idea to fully exploit the capabilities of variable geometry heliostat fields

COMPARISON OF GAMIFICATION TOOLS FOR EVALUATING THE ETHICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY SKILLS IN SCIENCE DEGREES

In the last two years the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) has implemented the evaluation of key transversal competences in its degrees. The objective is to offer an added value both for UPV s graduates and their employers. Nowadays, labour market is demanding not only professional skills but also personal and transversal competences development. However, evaluating these skills may require evaluation methods and techniques different to traditional ones. The authors have worked with gamification tools to help assessing student s performance in Ethical, environmental and professional responsibility skill. The experiences described have been developed in the frame of an Innovative Educational Project Improvement during the academic years 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of two gamification applications, Socrative and Quizbean, for evaluating the above mentioned skill. Both applications can be used in the classroom with different devices such as laptops, tablets or mobile phones, and are based on creating questionnaires. These applications also share other characteristics such as high number of questions allowed, relatively high number of students in the classroom, instant results, etc. Socrative was used in Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics course in the first year of the Bachelor s degree in Biotechnology. Quizbean was used in Groundwater management subject in the fourth year of the Bachelor s degree in Environmental Sciences. To increase student motivation, game rules were included to encourage competition. The questionnaires were designed and classified according to 3 possible levels of acquisition of the key competence, these levels are fully described in a specific rubric that was explained beforehand to the students. Both applications performed successfully and the specificities of each gamification tool are described in the results. Students were satisfactorily involved in the activity, and some examples are included to show different levels of competence acquisition.The authors would like to thank the Vice-Rectorate for Studies, Quality and Acreditation of the Universitat Politècnica de València for funding the lnnovation and Educational Improvement Project A005: “Experiencia piloto de evaluación en distintas titulaciones de la UPV de la competencia transversal UPV Responsabilidad ética, medioambiental y profesional”Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.; Vargas Colás, MD.; Asensio Cuesta, S.; Pascual-Seva, N. (2016). COMPARISON OF GAMIFICATION TOOLS FOR EVALUATING THE ETHICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY SKILLS IN SCIENCE DEGREES. IATED. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2016.1855

Afectación tumoral del sistema nervioso periférico

Se han estudiado 18 pacientes con afectación del S.N.P. por lesiones tumorales tratados en nuestra unidad en un período de 8 años. La mayoría de estos tumores tenían una localización intraneural (14 casos), eran de naturaleza benigna (13 casos) y afectaban al miembro superior. La prueba diagnóstica más exacta fue la R.M.N. Destacamos la existencia en nuestra seria de algunos tumores de rara presentación en la clínica, como un caso de fibrolipoma, condroma intraneural y neurosarcoma de la variedad "Tritón", respectivamente.Eighteen patients who had tumours of peripheral nerves have been studied retrospectively. They were treated in our department for eight years. Most of these tumours were placed intraneuraly (14 cases), were benignant (13 cases), and located in the upper limb. The most precise test for diagnosis was the MRI. We want to emphasize the existence in our series of some tumours which rarely appears in clinic, for example a Fibrolipoma, a intraneural chondroma and a malignant triton tumour

Sinovitis villonodular pigmentada difusa: Revisión de 13 casos

Se hace un estudio retrospectivo de trece pacientes con Sinovitis Villonodular pigmentada, seis localizadas en la rodilla, dos en la muñeca y pie, y uno en tobillo, cadera y codo respectivamente. En cinco de los casos existía una afectación del hueso. Se hace una revisión bibliográfica sobre la etiopatogenia, radiología, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientoA retrospective study of thirteen patients with pigmented villonodular synovitis was made. Six cases were localized in the knee, two in the wrist and feet, and one in ankle, hip and elbow. Five case showed bone invasion, the pathogenesis, radiographical appearance, diagnosis and treatment are discussed

Active methodologies for deep learning in sustainable development goals

[EN] The general objective of this project was to improve the quality of student learning, from the point of view of a global objective, sustainable development, and therefore aligned with the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). It is intended that students achieve deep learning in this area, favouring the transfer of the knowledge acquired to their future professional and social life. This deep learning promotes the integral development of the student, not only from an academic point of view, but also social and ecological. Project Based Learning (PBL), as an active learning methodology, is being widely used as a deep learning strategy. In this project, it has been used in several subjects, from different degrees, schools, and campus. The learning strategies have been evaluated by means of a learning evaluation questionnaire (CEVEAPEU) before and after the application of the PBL. In addition, student satisfaction and generic skills (i.e. ethical, environmental and professional responsibility) have been assessed. The project aims to find a solution a specific real case, such as an environmental or social problem. The results show that PBL has favoured the cooperative work of students and has increased their motivation. The students could select the topics that interest them the most and that they consider important in their professional future. They have worked collaboratively and actively, planning the project, making decisions, implementing it, and evaluating it. The students have ¿acted¿ and the teachers have been advisors or guides, thus promoting intrinsic motivation. This active methodology has allowed students to learn in a collaborative and cooperative way, fostering their motivation and achieving deep learning in environmental aspects.The project of innovation and educational improvement in which this communication is framed has received financial support from the Institute of Education Sciences (ICE) of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Proyecto de Innovación y Mejora Educativa (PIME/19-20/174 ), Objetivo Agenda 2030 y UPV 2020: Aprendizaje ambiental profundo en la UPV.Romero Gil, I.; Paches Giner, MAV.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.; Hernández Crespo, C. (2021). Active methodologies for deep learning in sustainable development goals. IATED Academy. 5506-5513. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.1115S5506551