Rank, Ferenczi, Reich: tre riforme della Psicoanalisi, tre uscite dal Movimento psicoanalitico - Rank, Ferenczi, Reich: Three ways of reforming Psychoanalysis, three ways out from the Psychoanalytic Movement

Rank, Ferenczi e Reich costituiscono, in conclusione, i rappresentanti di tre diversi tentativi di riformare la psicoanalisi “dall’interno” senza successo immediato. L’agenda da loro dettata consisteva nella riforma della tecnica nel senso dell’abbreviazione della terapia e intervento sul sociale. Il loro isolamento finale impedì che istanze positive venissero accolte e, d’altra parte, contribuì forse all’involuzione del loro pensiero. Proprio la stessa agenda che valse loro l’emarginazione è tuttavia tornata di e strema attualità oggi. La possibile speranza è che il mondo psicoanalitico non veda in nuovi riformatori dei corpi estranei da espellere ma ne valorizzi tutto il potenzialeRank, Ferenczi and Reich have much in common. All of theme were outstanding figures within the Ps ychoanalytic Movement; all of them were marginalized, between the Twenties and the Thirties, because of their creative reformation proposals of psychoanalytic the ory and technique. In such a moment of crisis for psychoanalysis, considering the experiences of such people can be a warning in order to avoid hindering potential new theoreticians and listen to the

Calculating the large leakage flux of a breached hydrocarbon trap using geophysical interpretation of a paleo-gas-water contact

Integration of three-dimensional seismic and well data from the Northern Carnarvon Basin on the North West Shelf of Australia was used to assess the evidence for top seal breach of a paleo-gas accumulation. Several seismic indicators of vertical hydrocarbon leakage from the crest of the stratigraphic Mungaroo Trap point to a significant flux of gas within the past few hundred thousand years. Mapping of the top reservoir within the Triassic aged Mungaroo Formation revealed strong evidence for a paleo-gas-water contact (GWC), approximately 100 m down flank from the erosional crest of the trap. This contact conforms to structure and delimits an original volume of 1.1 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), based on reservoir property calibration from nearby wells. Mapping also revealed a present-day gas-water contact with a closed volume of 0.2 Tcf, 30 m down flank from the crest. This contact displays a discordant geometry indicative of a dynamic contact. The leakage zone is located directly above the crest of the structure. It is seismically well imaged and comprises seafloor pockmarks, shallow gas anomalies and gas hydrate anomalies. The presence of a leakage zone distributed vertically above a reservoir containing a present and paleo-GWC provides compelling evidence this trap has leaked by breaching of the top seal. Volumetric calculations using the two GWCs indicate that the Mungaroo Trap has been depleted by 0.9–1.1 Tcf. A dynamic-GWC indicates the leakage event within the trap has occurred recently. Analysis of dating of horizons correlated to the seafloor pockmarks places the leakage event at sometime within the last 300 Ka

FROM DOCUMENTATION IMAGES TO RESTAURATION SUPPORT TOOLS: A PATHFOLLOWING THE NEPTUNE FOUNTAIN IN BOLOGNA DESIGN PROCESS

The sixteenth-century Fountain of Neptune is one of Bologna's most renowned landmarks. During the recent restoration activities of the monumental sculpture group, consisting in precious marbles and highly refined bronzes with water jets, a photographic campaign has been carried out exclusively for documentation purposes of the current state of preservation of the complex. Nevertheless, the highquality imagery was used for a different use, namely to create a 3D digital model accurate in shape and color by means of automated photogrammetric techniques and a robust customized pipeline. This 3D model was used as basic tool to support many and different activities of the restoration site. The paper describes the 3D model construction technique used and the most important applications in which it was used as support tool for restoration: (i) reliable documentation of the actual state; (ii) surface cleaning analysis; (iii) new water system and jets; (iv) new lighting design simulation; (v) support for preliminary analysis and projectual studies related to hardly accessible areas; (vi) structural analysis; (vii) base for filling gaps or missing elements through 3D printing; (viii) high-quality visualization and rendering and (ix) support for data modelling and semantic-based diagrams

A Mechanistic Approach to Crystallite Length as Related to Cell-Wall Structure

A tentative mechanistic model is proposed that relates variation in crystallite length in wood to some physical conditions under which the crystallite may have been formed, namely the curvature and ultrastructure of the microfibril. Over most of the experimental data range, representing both hardwood and softwood samples, the model allows reasonably good prediction of the effect of crystallite orientation angle and radial distance from the cell center. As the angle increases and radial distance decreases, the average crystallite length becomes smaller

Design and Synthesis of Hsp90 Inhibitors with B-Raf and PDHK1 Multi-Target Activity

5noopenThe design of multi-target ligands has become an innovative approach for the identification of effective therapeutic treatments against complex diseases, such as cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that the combined inhibition of Hsp90 and B-Raf provides synergistic effects against several types of cancers. Moreover, it has been reported that PDHK1, which presents an ATP-binding pocket similar to that of Hsp90, plays an important role in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression, participating also to the senescence process induced by B-Raf oncogenic proteins. Based on these premises, the simultaneous inhibition of these targets may provide several benefits for the treatment of cancer. In this work, we set up a design strategy including the assembly and integration of molecular fragments known to be important for binding to the Hsp90, PDHK1 and B-Raf targets, aided by molecular docking for the selection of a set of compounds potentially able to exert Hsp90-B-Raf-PDHK1 multi-target activities. The designed compounds were synthesized and experimentally validated in vitro. According to the in vitro assays, compounds 4 a, 4 d and 4 e potently inhibited Hsp90 and moderately inhibited the PDHK1 kinase. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to provide further insights into the structural basis of their multi-target activity.openPinzi L.; Foschi F.; Christodoulou M.S.; Passarella D.; Rastelli G.Pinzi, L.; Foschi, F.; Christodoulou, M. S.; Passarella, D.; Rastelli, G

Effect of sugars on Chlamydia trachomatis infectivity

Background. Previous works suggest that sugars can have a beneficial effect on C. trachomatis (CT) survival and virulence. In this study, we investigated the effect of different sugars on CT infectivity, elucidating some of the molecular mechanisms behind CT-sugar interaction. Methods. CT infectivity was investigated on HeLa cells after 2 hour-incubation of elementary bodies (EBs) with glucose, sucrose, or mannitol solutions (0.5, 2.5, 5.0 mM). The effect of sugars on EB membrane fluidity was investigated by fluorescence anisotropy measurement, whereas the changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure were examined by cytofluorimetric analysis. By means of a Western blot, we explored the phosphorylation state of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) in HeLa cells infected with EBs pre-incubated with sugars. Results. All sugar solutions significantly increased CT infectivity on epithelial cells, acting directly on the EB structure. Sugars induced a significant increase of EB membrane fluidity, leading to changes in LPS membrane exposure. Especially after incubation with sucrose and mannitol, EBs led to a higher FAK phosphorylation, enhancing the activation of anti-apoptotic and proliferative signals in the host cells. Conclusions. Sugars can increase CT infectivity and virulence, by modulating the expression/exposure of chlamydial membrane ligands. Further in-depth studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved

Cyclooxygenase 2 promotes cell survival by stimulation of dynein light chain expression and inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibits nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. The inhibition of apoptosis by COX-2 was concomitant with prevention of caspase 3 activation. To understand how COX-2 prevents apoptosis, we used cDNA expression arrays to determine whether COX-2 regulates differential expression of apoptosis-related genes. The expression of dynein light chain (DLC) (also known as protein inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase [PIN]) was significantly stimulated in PC12 cells overexpressing COX-2. The COX-2-dependent stimulation of DLC expression was, at least in part, mediated by prostaglandin E(2). Overexpression of DLC also inhibited NGF withdrawal apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. Stimulation of DLC expression resulted in an increased association of DLC/PIN with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), thereby reducing nNOS activity. Furthermore, nNOS expression and activity were significantly increased in differentiated PC12 cells after NGF withdrawal. This increased nNOS activity as well as increased nNOS dimer after NGF withdrawal were inhibited by COX-2 or DLC/PIN overexpression. An nNOS inhibitor or a membrane-permeable superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic protected differentiated PC12 cells from NGF withdrawal apoptosis. In contrast, NO donors induced apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells and potentiated apoptosis induced by NGF withdrawal. The protective effects of COX-2 on apoptosis induced by NGF withdrawal were also overcome by NO donors. These findings suggest that COX-2 promotes cell survival by a mechanism linking increased expression of prosurvival genes coupled to inhibition of NO- and superoxide-mediated apoptosis

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Rearrangement of 4-Alkenyl-isoxazol-5-ones to Pyrrole Derivatives

Easily accessible isoxazol-5(4H)-ones are useful precursors of heterocycles. In this context, we report the ruthenium-catalyzed transformation of 4-alkenyl-substituted isoxazol-5-ones to afford 1H-pyrrole derivatives. The operative conditions were proven to be effective also on cyclohexane-fused isoxazolones giving 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindoles. The reactions, which allow for access to tri-and tetra-substituted pyrroles in moderate to high yields, occur through decarboxylative ring-opening/ring-closure involving C-H functionalization of the alkenyl moiety