Testing Alternative Dynamic Systems for Modelling Tourism Demand

The goals in this paper are to contribute an empirical study of tourism demand dynamics, and to point out areas where the scrutiny of relationships between theoretical and empirical considerations are likely to produce new insights in this area of research. A flexible general form of a Dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System (DAIDS) is derived to analyse the UK tourism demand for its geographically proximate neighbours Portugal, Spain and France, in the period 1969-1997. Nested within the general dynamic structure are Deaton and Muellbauer’s static AIDS model itself, the partial adjustment model and the auto-regressive distributed lag model, which are tested against the general dynamic alternative. The empirical results obtained show that DAIDS is a data coherent and theoretically consistent model, providing evidence of the robustness of this methodology to conduct tourism demand analysis in a temporal context. Moreover, the dynamic model offers statistically strong evidence on the inadequacy of the orthodox static AIDS and the other restricted models to reconcile consistently data and theory within their formulations. Estimates for tourism price and expenditure elasticities are obtained, permitting a comparative analysis of the relative magnitudes and statistical relevance of long and short run sensitivity of the UK tourism demand to changes in its determinants.Tourism Demand, dynamic almost ideal system, partial adjustment system, autoregressive distributed lag system.

Direct observation of irradiation-induced nanocavity shrinkage in Si

Nanocavities in Si substrates, formed by conventional H implantation and thermal annealing, are shown to evolve in size during subsequent Si irradiation. Both ex situ and in situ analytical techniques were used to demonstrate that the mean nanocavity diameter decreases as a function of Si irradiation dose in both the crystalline and amorphous phases. Potential mechanisms for this irradiation-induced nanocavity evolution are discussed. In the crystalline phase, the observed decrease in diameter is attributed to the gettering of interstitials. When the matrix surrounding the cavities is amorphized, cavity shrinkage may be mediated by one of two processes: nanocavities can supply vacancies into the amorphous phase and/or the amorphous phase may flow plastically into the nanocavities. Both processes yield the necessary decrease in density of the amorphous phase relative to crystalline material

Instantaneous cell migration velocity may be ill-defined

Cell crawling is critical to biological development, homeostasis and disease. In many cases, cell trajectories are quasi-random-walk. In vitro assays on flat surfaces often described such quasi-random-walk cell trajectories as approximations to a solution of a Langevin process. However, experiments show quasi-diffusive behavior at small timescales, indicating that instantaneous velocity and velocity autocorrelations are not well-defined. We propose to characterize mean-squared cell displacement using a modified F\"urth equation with three temporal and spatial regimes: short- and long-time/range diffusion and intermediate time/range ballistic motion. This analysis collapses mean-squared displacements of previously published experimental data onto a single-parameter family of curves, allowing direct comparison between movement in different cell types, and between experiments and numerical simulations. Our method also show that robust cell-motility quantification requires an experiment with a maximum interval between images of a few percent of the cell-motion persistence time or less, and a duration of a few orders-of-magnitude longer than the cell-motion persistence time or more.Comment: 5 pages, plus Supplemental materia

Analisis Tingkat Kebisingan Akibat Lalu Lintas Pada Kawasan Perkantoran dan Pendidikan di Kecamatan Kota Utara Kota Gorontalo

Increased traffic volume can result in environmental issues such as noise or noise pollution. The purpose of this study is to analyze the noise levels in the office and educational areas in Kota Utara District, Gorontalo City, using a traffic noise prediction calculation model and to analyze the comparative value of noise levels based on the prediction calculation model and quality standards according to KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996. The location of this study is spread over several points, namely in Kampus STIKES Bina Mandiri Gorontalo, in front of Kantor Kejaksaan Tinggi Gorontalo, and in front of Kantor Imigrasi TPI Kelas I Gorontalo. The method used in this study is an empirical method with a prediction model for traffic noise prediction.The results showed that the highest noise levels on Monday and Thursday occurred in the Kampus STIKES Bina Mandiri Gorontalo area with a noise intensity of 65.71 dB (A) and 64.71 dB (A). The highest noise level on Saturday occurred in front of Kantor Kejaksaan Tinggi Gorontalo with a noise intensity of 65.12 dB (A). According to a comparison of the results of the analysis and the quality standard according to KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996, the average noise level in the Kampus STIKES area has exceeded the quality standard value for the educational area, which is 55 dB (A). The noise level in front of Kantor Kejaksaan Tinggi Gorontalo on Saturday at 07.00–08.00 WITA shows that the noise intensity has exceeded the quality standard for office areas, which is 65 dB (A). Meanwhile, the noise level in front of Kantor Imigrasi on average still meets the quality standards required for office areas

Pembuatan Nugget Ikan Kembung Dengan Penambahan Jamur Tiram

The purpose of this study was to obtain the best ratio of oyster mushrooms in addition to the quality of mackerel fish nugget. The research method used a completely randomized design CRD experiment consisting of four treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of KJ1 (ratio of mackerel fish and oyster mushrooms 70:30), KJ2 (ratio of mackerel fish and oyster mushrooms 60:40), KJ3 (ratio of mackerel fish and oyster mushrooms 50:50), and KJ4 (ratio of mackerel fish and oyster mushrooms 40:60). The data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The results showed that the ratio of mackerel fish and oyster mushrooms significantly affected moisture, ash, protein, and crude fiber content, as well as descriptive sensory assessments such as color before and after frying, aroma before and after frying, texture before frying, elasticity, taste and overall hedonic assessment. The best treatment was KJ3 (ratio of mackerel fish and oyster mushrooms 50:50) which of 56.45% moisture 1.11% ash, 15.40% protein, and 2.98% crude fiber content. The overall sensory assessment of the nugget was slightly white color before frying, yellowness after frying, a little oyster mushroom flavoring before and after frying, a little soft texture, chewy, and slightly oyster mushroom taste

Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa Dalam Bidang Morfologi Pada Karangan Siswa Kelas Vii G SMP Negeri 1 Godong

Tujuan penelitian ini ada satu. 1) menentukan bentuk kesalahan berbahasa bidang morfologi pada karangan siswa SMP Negeri 1 Godong kelas VII G. Objek penelitian dalam skrispsi ini berupa bentuk kesalahan berbahasa pada bidang morfologi pada karangan siswa kelas VII G SMP Negeri 1 Godong. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode simak dan catat. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode padan intralingual menggunakan teknik pilah unsur penentu. Hasil penelitian dalam penelitian ini dapat ditemukan bentuk kesalahan berbahasa pada bidang morfologi yaitu pada jenis kesalahan penulisan prefiks ber- dan ter-, kesalahan penulisan kata depan di dan ke, penulisan prefiks di-, penulisan gabungan prefiks di- dengan sufiks –kan. Kesalahan bentuk afiks di- dan ke- kesalahan pleonasme bentuk jamak dan kesalahan pleonasme bentuk sangat/ sekali