Facteurs de risque lors de la conduite d'un projet de mise en place d'un dispositif de veille anticipative dans plusieurs organismes du secteur public

Le présent article s'intéresse aux facteurs de risque susceptibles d'advenir lors de la conduite de projets de mise en place d'un dispositif de veille anticipative stratégique. Sur la base d'une recherche action/intervention au sein de plusieurs organismes du secteur public, les chercheurs ont confronté, plusieurs des facteurs déjà identifiés dans des études antérieures concernant les risques des projets de SI et de veille à ceux rencontrés lors de leur intervention. L'objectif de cette confrontation est d'une part l'identification de facteurs de risques des projets de veille identiques à ceux des projets de SI et d'autre part, l'identification de facteurs de risques spécifiques aux projets de veille. L'intérêt de l'article d'un point de vu théorique est d'avoir fait émerger quatre hypothèses de nouveaux facteurs de risque qui sont autant de pistes de recherche. Il s'agit du mode de communication en face à face, du soutien du " middle management ", du choix du moment de mise en place du projet et du choix du chef de projet. D'un point de vu managérial, cette recherche permet de construire un début de connaissances actionnables permettant de faire de recommandations fondées à un chef de projet de veille démarrant sa tâche dans un tel contexte.Projet de SI, Veille anticipative stratégique, facteur de risque, secteur public, recherche action/intervention

Evaluation of the colorimetric tetrazolium assay for the cytotoxicity testing a commercial vanilla flavouring

The tetrazolium colorimetric assay (MTT-assay) has been used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a vanilla flavouring found on the market. It was characterised by the use of 1,2-propylene glycol and glycerol as diluents and by the presence of vanillin, heliotropine and the corresponding 1,2-propylene and glycerol acetals. The method developed by Mosmann (J. Immunol. Methods 65, 55\u201363-1983) was used with some modifications. The same assay was applied to the diluent 1,2-propylene glycol in order to verify its possible influence on the toxic effect. This technique proved useful for preliminary screening useful to evidence doubts relating to the safety of flavouring preparations

GC/MS-MID Determination of Safrole in Soft Drinks

Safrole [1,3-benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)-] is a limited substance according to the CE Directives N. 88/388 and 91/71 concerning \u201cflavourings for use in foodstuffs and to source materials for their production\u201d. At today the GC analytical methods proposed for the quantitative determination of safrole are critical as far as concerning reproducibility, recovery values and detection limits. This note describes an improved analytical method to quantify safrole in \u201csoft\u201d drinks. Average recoveries of safrole from samples spiked at levels from 30.0 to 80.0 microg/L ranged from 80 to 93% with good reproducibility (RSD=2.7 at 30.0 microg/Ll). Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 10.0 microg/L and 30.0 microg/L respectively. The proposed method is also suitable for routine analysis

Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Versus Unstimulated Bone Marrow As a Graft Source for T-Cell-Replete Haploidentical Donor Transplantation Using Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide.

Purpose T-cell-replete HLA-haploidentical donor hematopoietic transplantation using post-transplant cyclophosphamide was originally described using bone marrow (BM). With increasing use of mobilized peripheral blood (PB), we compared transplant outcomes after PB and BM transplants. Patients and Methods A total of 681 patients with hematologic malignancy who underwent transplantation in the United States between 2009 and 2014 received BM (n = 481) or PB (n = 190) grafts. Cox regression models were built to examine differences in transplant outcomes by graft type, adjusting for patient, disease, and transplant characteristics. Results Hematopoietic recovery was similar after transplantation of BM and PB (28-day neutrophil recovery, 88% v 93%, P = .07; 100-day platelet recovery, 88% v 85%, P = .33). Risks of grade 2 to 4 acute (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; P \u3c .001) and chronic (HR, 0.35; P \u3c .001) graft-versus-host disease were lower with transplantation of BM compared with PB. There were no significant differences in overall survival by graft type (HR, 0.99; P = .98), with rates of 54% and 57% at 2 years after transplantation of BM and PB, respectively. There were no differences in nonrelapse mortality risks (HR, 0.92; P = .74) but relapse risks were higher after transplantation of BM (HR, 1.49; P = .009). Additional exploration confirmed that the higher relapse risks after transplantation of BM were limited to patients with leukemia (HR, 1.73; P = .002) and not lymphoma (HR, 0.87; P = .64). Conclusion PB and BM grafts are suitable for haploidentical transplantation with the post-transplant cyclophosphamide approach but with differing patterns of treatment failure. Although, to our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive comparison, these findings must be validated in a randomized prospective comparison with adequate follow-up

Is Corporate Social Responsibility an Agency Problem? Evidence from CEO Turnovers

We empirically examine two competing claims: first, if a firm’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activity is driven by its CEO’s private rent extraction (i.e. an agency problem), firms with higher CSR ratings are poorly governed and their managers are less likely to be dismissed for poor financial performance. In contrast, if CSR reflects owners’ preferences, CEOs of firms with higher CSR ratings are more likely to be removed in light of poor financial performance. We find that CEO turnover-financial performance sensitivity increases in firm CSR scores during the last years of both the outgoing CEO as well as his predecessor. Further, firm CSR ratings do not change following CEO turnover suggesting that CSR ratings are a firm characteristic. Our findings are consistent with the view that CSR is driven by shareholder preferences

Engineering yield and rate of reductive biotransformation in Escherichia coli by partial cyclization of the pentose phosphate pathway and PTS-independent glucose transport

Optimization of yields and productivities in reductive whole-cell biotransformations is an important issue for the industrial application of such processes. In a recent study with Escherichia coli, we analyzed the reduction of the prochiral β-ketoester methyl acetoacetate by an R-specific alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to the chiral hydroxy ester (R)-methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate (MHB) using glucose as substrate for the generation of NADPH. Deletion of the phosphofructokinase gene pfkA almost doubled the yield to 4.8 mol MHB per mole of glucose, and it was assumed that this effect was due to a partial cyclization of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Here, this partial cyclization was confirmed by 13C metabolic flux analysis, which revealed a negative net flux from glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate catalyzed by phosphoglucose isomerase. For further process optimization, the genes encoding the glucose facilitator (glf) and glucokinase (glk) of Zymomonas mobilis were overexpressed in recombinant E. coli strains carrying ADH and deletions of either pgi (phosphoglucose isomerase), or pfkA, or pfkA plus pfkB. In all cases, the glucose uptake rate was increased (30–47%), and for strains Δpgi and ΔpfkA also, the specific MHB production rate was increased by 15% and 20%, respectively. The yield of the latter two strains slightly dropped by 11% and 6%, but was still 73% and 132% higher compared to the reference strain with intact pgi and pfkA genes and expressing glf and glk. Thus, metabolic engineering strategies are presented for improving yield and rate of reductive redox biocatalysis by partial cyclization of the PPP and by increasing glucose uptake, respectively

Clonal interference of signaling mutations worsens prognosis in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia

Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase/RAS signaling pathway genes are frequent in core-binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs), but their prognostic relevance is debated. A subset of CBF AML patients harbors several signaling gene mutations. Genotyping of colonies and of relapse samples indicates that these arise in independent clones, thus defining a process of clonal interference (or parallel evolution). Clonal interference is pervasive in cancers, but the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear, and its prognostic impact remains unknown. We analyzed a cohort of 445 adult and pediatric patients with CBF AML treated with intensive chemotherapy and with deep sequencing of 6 signaling genes (, , , , , ). A total of 152 (34%), 167 (38%), and 126 (28%) patients harbored no, a single, and multiple signaling clones (clonal interference), respectively. Clonal interference of signaling mutations was associated with older age ( = .004) and inv(16) subtype ( = .025) but not with white blood cell count or mutations in chromatin or cohesin genes. The median allele frequency of signaling mutations was 31% in patients with a single clone or clonal interference ( = .14). The repertoire of , , and / variants differed between groups. Clonal interference did not affect complete remission rate or minimal residual disease after 1-2 courses, but it did convey inferior event-free survival ( < 10), whereas the presence of a single signaling clone did not ( = .44). This inferior outcome was independent of clinical parameters and of the presence of specific signaling clones. Our results suggest that specific clonal architectures can herald distinct prognoses in AML

Scoring System Prognostic of Outcome in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome

To develop a system prognostic of outcome in those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo HCT) for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)