The timing and duration of the Delamerian orogeny: Correlation with the Ross Orogen and implications for Gondwana assembly

Copyright © 2006 by the University of Chicago PressThe Antarctic Ross and the Australian Delamerian orogenies are the consequence of stress transfer to the outboard trailing edge of the newly assembled Gondwana supercontinent. This tectonic reorganization occurred in the Early to Middle Cambrian on completion of Pan-African deformation and subduction along the sutures between eastern and western Gondwanan continental fragments. Before this, Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian rocks in eastern Australia were formed in a passive margin and record dispersion of Rodinia with consequent opening of the proto-Pacific. Our new U-Pb and Rb-Sr geochronology shows that in the South Australian (Adelaide Fold Belt) domain of the Delamerian Orogen, contractional orogenesis commenced at 514 ± 3 Ma and persisted for ∼24 m.yr. until 490 ± 3 Ma, terminated by rapid uplift, cooling, and extension in association with posttectonic magmatism. Integration of new and published U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology from the entire Ross-Delamerian belt shows that although both the Delamerian and Ross have a synchronous late magmatic and terminal cooling history, the Ross commenced its convergent orogenic history at ∼540 Ma. This was 25 m.yr. before Delamerian deformation began. During the Early Cambrian, eastern Australia was still in a state of extension (or transtension), with opening of the Kanmantoo Basin and associated anorogenic, largely mafic magmatism. This basin received sediment from the already exposed Ross Orogen to the south. The simultaneous first occurrence of strain fabrics and subduction-related magmatism (including boninite, granite, and andesite lavas) at ∼514 Ma in New Zealand, Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales, and Tasmania implies that the Delamerian Orogeny was driven by ridge-push forces transmitted on the initiation of westward-dipping subduction. Subsequent eastward slab rollback at 490 Ma may have occurred when the new slab had reached the transition zone at 650-km depth, resulting in upper plate extension and anorogenic Basin and Range–style magmatism in South Australia and Tasmania (Mount Read belt). The delayed onset of subduction in the Australian sector of the margin implies that westward motion of the Australian portion of eastern Gondwana continued to be accommodated during the late Early Cambrian by subduction or deformation along either the Mozambique Suture or at the northern end of the South Prince Charles Mountains–Prydz Bay suture.John Foden, Marlina A. Elburg, Jon Dougherty-Page, and Andrew Burt

`Composite particles' and the eigenstates of Calogero-Sutherland and Ruijsenaars-Schneider

We establish a one-to-one correspondance between the ''composite particles'' with $N$ particles and the Young tableaux with at most $N$ rows. We apply this correspondance to the models of Calogero-Sutherland and Ruijsenaars-Schneider and we obtain a momentum space representation of the ''composite particles'' in terms of creation operators attached to the Young tableaux. Using the technique of bosonisation, we obtain a position space representation of the ''composite particles'' in terms of products of vertex operators. In the special case where the ''composite particles'' are bosons and if we add one extra quasiparticle or quasihole, we construct the ground state wave functions corresponding to the Jain series $\nu =p/(2np\pm 1)$ of the fractional quantum Hall effect.Comment: latex calcomp2.tex, 5 files, 30 pages [SPhT-T99/080], submitted to J. Math. Phy

Организационная модель аудита доходов санаторно-курортных предприятий

Целью статьи является определение сущности с учетом взглядов ученых и обоснование особенностей организационной модели аудита доходов санаторно-курортных организаций.Метою статті є визначення суті з урахуванням поглядів учених і обґрунтування особливостей організаційної моделі аудиту доходів санаторно-курортних організацій

Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in very low birth weight infants. Design of a double-blind randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN73254583]

BACKGROUND: Enteral feeding of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is a challenge, since metabolic demands are high and administration of enteral nutrition is limited by immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract. The amino acid glutamine plays an important role in maintaining functional integrity of the gut. In addition, glutamine is utilised at a high rate by cells of the immune system. In critically ill patients, glutamine is considered a conditionally essential amino acid. VLBW infants may be especially susceptible to glutamine depletion as nutritional supply of glutamine is limited in the first weeks after birth. Glutamine depletion has negative effects on functional integrity of the gut and leads to immunosuppression. This double-blind randomised controlled trial is designed to investigate the effect of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on feeding tolerance, infectious morbidity and short-term outcome in VLBW infants. Furthermore, an attempt is made to elucidate the role of glutamine in postnatal adaptation of the gut and modulation of the immune response. METHODS: VLBW infants (gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1500 g) are randomly allocated to receive enteral glutamine supplementation (0.3 g/kg/day) or isonitrogenous placebo supplementation between day 3 and 30 of life. Primary outcome is time to full enteral feeding (defined as a feeding volume ≥ 120 mL/kg/day). Furthermore, incidence of serious infections and short-term outcome are evaluated. The effect of glutamine on postnatal adaptation of the gut is investigated by measuring intestinal permeability and determining faecal microflora. The role of glutamine in modulation of the immune response is investigated by determining plasma Th1/Th2 cytokine concentrations following in vitro whole blood stimulation

Rituximab administration in third trimester of pregnancy suppresses neonatal B-cell development

We describe the effect on the neonate of administration of rituximab to a woman with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, was given weekly for 4 weeks to a woman with ITP in her third trimester of pregnancy. One month after the last rituximab administration a healthy girl was born. She had normal growth and development during the first six months. At birth, B-lymphocytes were not detectable. Rituximab levels in mother and neonate were 24000 and 6700 ng/mL, respectively. Only 7 cases of rituximab administration during pregnancy were described. No adverse events are described for fetus and neonate. We demonstrate that rituximab passes the placenta and inhibits neonatal B-lymphocyte development. However, after 6 months B-lymphocyte levels normalized and vaccination titres after 10 months were adequate. No infection-related complications occurred. Rituximab administration during pregnancy appears to be safe for the child but further studies are warranted. Copyright © 2008 D. T. Klink et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1

The patient pathway for overactive bladder management:A quantitative analysis

PURPOSE: We aimed to explore the pathways followed by patients with overactive bladder (OAB) from referral to the urologist to final treatment. METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of female patients diagnosed with OAB in a large Dutch nonacademic teaching hospital. The number, sequence, and duration of treatment steps offered were analyzed, and the effectiveness, reasons for discontinuation, and possible case-mix variables influencing OAB treatment were studied. RESULTS: In total, 120 patients were enrolled and required a median of 2 steps (range, 1-6) of treatment over a median total duration of 28 weeks (range, 5-256). Treatment typically started with drug therapy, including antimuscarinics (38%; 95% CI, 30%-47%), antimuscarinics plus pelvic floor muscle therapy (21%; 95% CI, 15%-29%), or mirabegron (11%; 95% CI, 6%-18%). However, 52% of patients required further treatment, with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections being most effective (67%; 95% CI, 42%-85%), followed by antimuscarinics plus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (50%; 95% CI, 25%-75%), and antimuscarinics plus pelvic floor muscle therapy (36%; 95% CI, 21%-54%). Other therapies showed lower effectiveness. Common reasons for discontinuation were insufficient response and side effects. Overall, 22 patients were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Most patients try at least two treatments before they experience satisfactory symptom relief, with treatment evaluations requiring time because therapeutic onsets differ by patient and treatment. Our data can help to manage expectations among urologists and patients when seeking treatment for OAB

De architectuur en beleving van de hermitage (1770-1860):De hut, de heremiet(pop) en de hang naar eenzaamheid in de Nederlandse landschapstuin

De hermitage is een weinig onderzocht en begrepen tuinsieraad. De hermitage als plek om je in terug te trekken kwam voor van de oudheid tot diep in de negentiende eeuw, omdat deze mensen in verschillende perioden aansprak en eenvoudig kon worden aangepast aan de specifieke wensen van de adellijke, religieuze of intellectuele eigenaar en de smaak van de tijd. Dit artikel presenteert nieuw onderzoek naar de hermitage op de Nederlandse buitenplaats, op basis van een analyse van verkoopadvertenties, primair bronnenonderzoek (voornamelijk reisbeschrijvingen) en literatuuronderzoek. De hermitage was een wijdverbreid fenomeen in Nederland. Met de huidige inventarisatie is het aantal bekende buitenplaats-hermitages bijna verdriedubbeld van 36 naar ruim honderd. Op basis van deze nieuwe, grotere dataset bleek het mogelijk met meer precisie uitspraken te doen over de periode waarin de hermitage populair was, over de verspreiding van de hermitage in Nederland, de locatie in de tuin, het uiterlijk en de betekenis van de hermitage. Door de zoektocht in digitaal ontsloten historische kranten zijn vooral de iets latere, kleinere hermitages ontdekt. Waar Gelderland voorheen werd beschouwd als de voornaamste hermitageprovincie, is dit beeld met de huidige stand van wetenschap gekanteld in het voordeel van Holland. De burgerlijke signatuur van de hermitage is hiermee versterkt: de hermitage kwam het meest voor op de buitenplaatsen van stedelijke regenten gelegen in de nabijheid van de stad. Hermitages werden in de beginjaren vooral gezien als rariteit, en later als vast onderdeel van een landschappelijk aangelegd park. Maar ze vormden nooit het meest belangrijke tuinsieraad van een landschapspark. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat vrijwel altijd is gekozen voor een geïsoleerde ligging. Het interieur van de hermitages was sober en bestond in de regel uit een of meerdere stoelen, een bank of bed, een doodshoofd of doodskist, een zandloper, boeken en een (houten) heremietpop. Dat de inrichting van de hermitage sterk gestandaardiseerd was, blijkt ook uit evaluaties van kluizenaarshutten in reisverslagen. De populariteit van de hermitage suggereert dat Nederlanders zeker niet ongevoelig waren voor de Romantiek, zoals nog altijd vaak wordt aangenomen. Het feit dat de bronnen zo weinig bewijs leveren voor cynisme ten aanzien van het fenomeen van de hermitage en de heremiet bevestigt deze these. Tegelijkertijd voorzag de kluizenaarshut in een meer universele behoefte, in plaats van een romantische: door de tijd heen zijn er altijd vertrekken gecreëerd waar mensen – meestal uit de elite – zich konden terugtrekken. In die zin was de hermitage een pendant van het kabinet of de studio. Wat overbleef na het opdrogen van de verheven gevoelens en gedachten van de Romantiek, was de wandeling naar de hermitage en bij aankomst de rust en het uitzicht. De Nederlandse hermitage reflecteert in alles de Nederlandse buitenplaats: beide waren vooral burgerlijk, wijdverbreid, stedelijk, bescheiden in omvang en aankleding

Військовополонені Першої світової війни в Кременчуцькому гарнізоні

У статті досліджено правове становище та умови перебування військовополонених Першої світової війни на території Кременчуцького гарнізону в другій половині 1916 року. На основі архівних даних визначено кількісний склад полонених, його розподіл за національною, соціальною та конфесійною ознаками. Досліджено динаміку чисельності, побутові умови та використання праці військовополонених.В статье исследовано правовое положение и условия пребывания военнопленных Первой мировой войны на территории Кременчугского гарнизона во второй половине 1916 года. На основе архивных данных определен количественный состав пленных, его распределение по национальной, социальной и конфессиональной принадлежности. Исследована динамика численности, бытовые условия и использования труда военнопленных.In article the legal status and conditions of stay of prisoners of war of the First World War in territory of the Kremenchug garrison in second half of 1916 is investigated. On the basis of contemporary records the quantitative structure captured, its distribution on a national, social and confessional accessory is defi ned. Dynamics of number, conditions of life and uses of work of prisoners of war is investigated

Газоносність вугільних пластів та фізико-механічнині властивості порід покрівлі і підошви поля шахти № 1 ”Тяглівська” Львівсько-Волинського басейну

Сопоставлены данные по изучению газоносности угольных пластов поля шахты № 1 ―Тягловская‖ и физико-механическим свойствам пород их непосредственной кровли и подошвы. Благоприятными яляются условия для выработки пластов b4, n8 в, n8. Несколько сложнее – для пластов n9, n7 в, n7 1, что вызвано низкой стойкостью пород кровли. Наиболее сложной прогнозируется ситуация для эксплуатации пласта n7 из-за низной стойкости и способности его кровли к обрушениям. Угольные пласты (кроме b4) находятся в метановой зоне. Их газоносность значительна, содержание метана в газовой смеси высокое. Это будет составлять дополнительные трудности при эксплуатации.Data on studies of the gas-bearing potential of coal seams of the Tyagliv-1 mine field are correlated as well as physical-mechanical properties of their immediate base and roof. Favorable conditions are known to exist for working of the seams b4, n8 в, n8. Somewhat more composite ones are observed for the seams n9, n7в, n7 1 that was caused by low stability of the roof rocks. The most composite situation is forecasted for exploitation of the seam n7 one to low stability and ability of its roof for landslides. Coal seams (exsepting b4) lie in the methane zone. Their gas-bearing potential is suffcient, methane content in a gas mixture is high. That will cause additional difficalties in the process of exploitation