126 research outputs found

    Aspects Ă©cophysiologiques de la rĂ©ponse et de l'adaptation des sapins mĂ©diterranĂ©ens aux extrĂȘmes climatiques : gelĂ©es printaniĂšres et sĂ©cheresse estivale

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    Bien que considérés généralement comme résistants à la sécheresse, les sapins méditerranéens montrent une large gamme de réactions au stress hydrique estival. En particulier leurs fonctions physiologiques majeures : photosynthÚse et transpiration sont affectées différemment par les stress hydriques qu'ils soient d'origine édaphique (dessÚchement du sol) ou atmosphérique (faible humidité de l'air). A un niveau plus général, l'accroissement en épaisseur et en hauteur des sapins est affecté par la température ainsi que par la quantité et par la répartition des précipitations au cours de l'année, facteurs qui agissent sur les déterminations physiologiques de la croissance. L'objectif de cet article est de faire un bilan dans ce domaine en mettant l'accent sur l'application de ces résultats au choix des espÚces et des techniques de reboisement

    Recherches de l'Institut national de la recherche agronomique sur la sylviculture des taillis de chĂȘnes verts

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    Résultats au bout de 9 ans d'une plantation expérimentale de sapin de Céphalonie dans les Alpes de Haute Provence

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    Le sapin de CĂ©phalonie est une espĂšce potentielle de reboisement et des provenances utilisables en rĂ©gion mĂ©diterranĂ©enne française ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es. Toutefois son utilisation pose encore des problĂšmes liĂ©s Ă  la production des plants en pĂ©piniĂšre, Ă  la transplantation et aux techniques d'introduction. L'article dĂ©crit une plantation expĂ©rimentale en forĂȘt domaniale de PĂ©licier Ă  Manosque (04). Les facteurs expĂ©rimentaux pris en compte sont : - l'ombrage en plantation (les plantations ont Ă©tĂ© faites soit en plein dĂ©couvert, soit dans des bandes dĂ©boisĂ©es) ; - la date de plantation. L'effet de l'abri latĂ©ral provoquĂ© par les bandes est trĂšs important Ă  la fois sur les taux de reprise et en tant que protection vis-Ă -vis du gel

    Long-term follow-up of surgically excluded popliteal artery aneurysms with multi-slice CT angiography and Doppler ultrasound

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    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) angiography in the follow-up of popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) that have been operated on. Aneurysm exclusion and progression, graft patency and graft-related complications were analyzed. Fourteen patients with 21 surgically excluded PAAs were evaluated with MSCT angiography with slice thickness of 1.25 mm. The mean follow-up time was 67 months. MSCT demonstrated blood flow in six non-excluded PAAs (24%), with an average increase in the diameter of 21 mm over time. Fifteen PAAs demonstrated no blood flow and revealed an average decrease of 7 mm in diameter. The origin of this residual perfusion was demonstrated, and collaterals were involved in five of six non-excluded PAAs. In addition, MSCT demonstrated three graft stenoses. Furthermore, two occluded grafts were visualized. Twenty-four percent of the patients after surgical exclusion of PAAs revealed residual perfusion within the aneurysmal sac during follow-up, with a significant increase in the aneurysmal size with MSCT. Moreover, evaluation of the graft patency could also be done as could demonstration of anastomotic abnormalities. Thus, MSCT might be considered as a new tool to evaluate residual collateral feeding of popliteal aneurysmal sac and could be useful in identification and localization of feeding vessels

    Sauver Byzance de la barbarie du monde

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    Il volume ripercorre la trattazione del mitema di Bisanzio nella letteratura francese e francofona dalle origini ai giorni nostr

    Uniform Selection as a Primary Force Reducing Population Genetic Differentiation of Cavitation Resistance across a Species Range

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    Background: Cavitation resistance to water stress-induced embolism determines plant survival during drought. This adaptive trait has been described as highly variable in a wide range of tree species, but little is known about the extent of genetic and phenotypic variability within species. This information is essential to our understanding of the evolutionary forces that have shaped this trait, and for evaluation of its inclusion in breeding programs. Methodology: We assessed cavitation resistance (P 50), growth and carbon isotope composition in six Pinus pinaster populations in a provenance and progeny trial. We estimated the heritability of cavitation resistance and compared the distribution of neutral markers (FST) and quantitative genetic differentiation (QST), for retrospective identification of the evolutionary forces acting on these traits. Results/Discussion: In contrast to growth and carbon isotope composition, no population differentiation was found for cavitation resistance. Heritability was higher than for the other traits, with a low additive genetic variance (h 2 ns = 0.4360.18, CVA = 4.4%). QST was significantly lower than FST, indicating uniform selection for P50, rather than genetic drift. Putativ
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