Two steps from the blues: Creating discourse and constructing canons in blues criticism

This dissertation examines the development of blues criticism in its myriad forms from the 1920s to 1990s, its role in the emergence of a blues discourse and history, and the codification of a blues canon. I analyze blues discourse principally as the creation of critics, historians, and musicologists, but also as the result of series of complex, imbricated relationships among writers, musicians, fans, record collectors, and independent entrepreneurs.;Beginning in the 1920s, I outline a pre-history of blues discourse by examining the metamorphosis of the blues as a cultural text shaped by the folklore scholarship, criticism and reportage in the popular press, and the commercial ascendancy of the blues on record. of special interest is the blues writing in the African American press and how these writers debated the cultural politics of music and interpretations of racial uplift ideology.;In the post-World War II era, I focus on the works of Samuel Charters and Paul Oliver, specifically the former\u27s The Country Blues and the latter\u27s Blues Fell This Morning. I examine how their writing influenced the blues revivalists of the 1960s, and the impact of their work on later blues scholars, journalists, and record collectors. It is the last group, record collectors, that I examine in detail and their work as the musical archaeologists, culture brokers, and keepers (and creators) of multiple blues canons. Lastly, I analyze the work of women blues writers, their rhetorical approach to the genre, and the impact they have had on decentering the male-authored blues canon and recreating contemporary blues discourse

Implications of Online Media on Academic Library Collections

Libraries’ market share of discovery has been declining rapidly, and in some cases this is directly related to where the content users need and want resides. Music recording delivery models have changed dramatically in the last several years, with more performers and labels offering content directly to consumers via downloads only. Unfortunately, this model is one in which libraries cannot usually legally participate due to licensing agreements. Another issue at play is the growing presence of quality content on sites like YouTube, which users are already very familiar and comfortable with. In light of this, user behavior has been evolving to incorporate more and more nonlibrary sources of music discovery and acquisition. Patrons no longer see the library as the sole source for music content (if they ever did). This is due in part to the convenience of online sources and the fact that, while libraries may still need to buy CDs, users would rather have recordings they can listen to anywhere and anytime. So how can academic libraries address these challenges to continue to meet our mission of building collections and serving our patrons? This paper will discuss current music delivery models, collections and acquisitions pressures involved with online media (primarily audio), the current music discovery and access environment, and information seeking behaviors of music faculty and students. We will offer some suggestions for librarians wishing to address these issues

Can your arthritis patients get to the tablets? A study of medicine bottle opening

There has been increasing interest recently in the presentation and packaging of drugs for elderly patients and the manufacture of child-proof containers. This had led to the development of specially designed bottles or blister packs now commonly used fur over the counter analgesic preparations. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis are common diseases and many patients suffering from these diseases develop considerable deformities of the hand leading to an inability to perform activities of daily living. In a previous study (Mason et. al.) 200 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were shown to have difficulty in opening child-proof containers. In this study we decided to include patients with osteoarthrosis as well and to test the ability of both rheumatoid and osteoarthritic patients to open blister packs as well as child-proof containers

Impact of COVID-19 on health risk behaviors in northern California: A cross-sectional survey

The COVID-19 pandemic has been disruptive, unevenly impacting health behaviors in different geographical regions and population groups. We examined how COVID-19 affected perceived changes in physical activity, sleep, and diet and the impact of socio-demographic variables on a calculated health risk behavior score. In this cross-sectional study, 505 residents of northern California completed a web-based survey from August to November of 2020. Chi-square and multivariable linear regression analyses examined the association between socio-demographic variables and the health risk behavior score. Approximately 84 % of respondents experienced at least one unfavorable behavior change after the pandemic, with 49.5 % indicating a reduction in physical activity, 29.7 % a decrease in sleep, 33.1 % an increase in sugary snack consumption, and 29.3 % a decrease in fruit and vegetable intake. Multivariate analyses indicated a higher health risk behavior score (less favorable) for females compared to males (male beta = -0.815, p \u3c 0.0001) and Hispanics compared to Whites (Hispanics beta = 0.396, p = 0.033). The negative changes in health behavior observed in females could be attributed to a higher reduction in fruit and vegetable consumption, and a larger increase in sugary and salty snacks when compared to males. A higher reduction in exercise, sleep, and fruit and vegetable intake were the main drivers of the unfavorable results seen for Hispanics when compared to Whites. Findings highlight the detrimental behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the disproportionate impact on Hispanics and women. These results are valuable to policymakers to identify ways to support those most affected by the pandemic and its potential long-term effects

Myosin tails and single α-helical domains

The human genome contains 39 myosin genes, divided up into 12 different classes. The structure, cellular function and biochemical properties of many of these isoforms remain poorly characterized and there is still some controversy as to whether some myosin isoforms are monomers or dimers. Myosin isoforms 6 and 10 contain a stable single α-helical (SAH) domain, situated just after the canonical lever. The SAH domain is stiff enough to be able to lengthen the lever allowing the myosin to take a larger step. In addition, atomic force microscopy and atomistic simulations show that SAH domains unfold at relatively low forces and have a high propensity to refold. These properties are likely to be important for protein function, enabling motors to carry cargo in dense actin networks, and other proteins to remain attached to binding partners in the crowded cell

Do the constants of nature couple to strong gravitational fields?

Recently, white dwarf stars have found a new use in the fundamental physics community. Many prospective theories of the fundamental interactions of Nature allow traditional constants, like the fine structure constant $\alpha$, to vary in some way. A study by Berengut et al. (2013) used the Fe/Ni V line measurements made by Preval et al. (2013) from the hot DA white dwarf G191-B2B, in an attempt to detect any variation in $\alpha$. It was found that the Fe V lines indicated an increasing alpha, whereas the Ni V lines indicated a decreasing alpha. Possible explanations for this could be misidentification of the lines, inaccurate atomic data, or wavelength dependent distortion in the spectrum. We examine the first two cases by using a high S/N reference spectrum from the hot sdO BD+28$^{\circ}$4211 to calibrate the Fe/Ni V atomic data. With this new data, we re-evaluate the work of Berengut et al. (2013) to derive a new constraint on the variation of alpha in a gravitational field.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures: To appear in the proceedings of the "19th European White Dwarf Workshop" in Montreal, Canada, 201

The Contribution of Pre-Existing Depression to the Acute Cognitive Sequelae of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Frontotemporal abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction, especially in verbal memory and information processing speed, occur in both mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and depression. Study 1 investigated the effect of depression on cognitive performance in a sample at risk of sustaining mTBI.Seventy-eight male undergraduates completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSS), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT), and Speed of Comprehension Test. A oneway analysis of covariance (using the top 25% and bottom 25% of DASS Depression subscale scorers) showed that HVLT recognition was significantly worse in the high scorers. Study 2 examined the effects of injury type and pre-existing depression on cognitive performance in a prospective emergency department sample (within 24 hours of injury). Fifty-eight participants with mTBI (29 with depression, 29 without depression) and 47 control participants (18 with depression, 29 without depression) completed the DSS, HVLT, and Speed of Comprehension Test. Participants with mTBI performed worse than controls (uninjured and orthopaedic-injured participants) on all tests. Participants with depression did not perform worse than participants without depression on the tests. However, there was a significant univariate interaction for HVLT recognition, participants in the mTBI group with depression exhibited worse recognition compared to participants without depression. Since word recognition was impaired in participants who were more depressed in both samples, this suggests that it is a consistent finding. More importantly, the results of Study 2 indicate that depression may interact with mTBI to impair word recognition during the acute phase after head injury

A Quadratic Spinor Lagrangian for General Relativity

We present a new finite action for Einstein gravity in which the Lagrangian is quadratic in the covariant derivative of a spinor field. Via a new spinor-curvature identity, it is related to the standard Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian by a total differential term. The corresponding Hamiltonian, like the one associated with the Witten positive energy proof is fully four-covariant. It defines quasi-local energy-momentum and can be reduced to the one in our recent positive energy proof. (Fourth Prize, 1994 Gravity Research Foundation Essay.)Comment: 5 pages (Plain TeX), NCU-GR-94-QSL