Mathematical modeling of bovine brucellosis control by vaccination

As fêmeas bovinas, por sua importância na transmissão e na manutenção da brucelose, constituíram o alvo dos inquéritos do Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e da Tuberculose Animal. Com base em informações obtidas em unidades federativas onde foram realizados inquéritos sorológicos e observadas prevalências de animais acima de 2%, elaborou-se um modelo para simular a dinâmica da brucelose em rebanhos bovinos formados exclusivamente por fêmeas, analisando o efeito de estratégias de vacinação. Para baixa cobertura vacinal, da ordem de 30%, o tempo para reduzir a prevalência a 2%, valor adotado como referência, pode ser longo, aproximando-se do dobro do tempo necessário para uma cobertura mais alta, de 90%. De acordo com o modelo, o tempo para reduzir a prevalência a 1% ou 2%, que permitam passar à fase de erradicação, pode chegar a uma década. Recomenda-se a intensificação do esforço para a vacinação de fêmeas, procurando atingir alta cobertura vacinal.Due to the important role played by female bovines in the transmission and maintenance of brucellosis, they were the target of the serological surveys of the Brazilian National Program for the Control and Eradication of Bovine Brucellosis and Tuberculosis. Based on the information obtained in Brazilian states, where the serological surveys were carried out and prevalences higher than 2% were observed, a model to simulate the dynamics of brucellosis in herds of female bovines was developed to analyze the effects of vaccination strategies. For low vaccination coverage (around 30%), the time to reduce the prevalence to 2%, adopted as a reference, may be long, approximately twice as long as the time observed for a higher coverage (90%). According to the model, the time to reduce the prevalence to levels of 1% or 2%, adequate to start the eradication phase, may reach a decade. It is recommended an intensification of the effort to vaccinate females, aiming at attaining high vaccination coverage.FAPESPCNPqMAPA Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abasteciment

34. Grip strength across Europe –North/ South and East/West divides

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Ventilation and energy efficiency of buildings

O presente artigo sustenta-se numa síntese de conhecimentos sobre ventilação e eficiência energética, num contexto social de maior procura de condições de conforto no interior dos mesmos. Nas últimas décadas tem aumentado a preocupação com o consumo excessivo de energias nos edifícios, o que conduziu ao desenvolvimento e implementação legislação de modo a controlar o problema. A par disso, têm-se desenvolvido diversos tipos de edifícios com elevada eficiência energética, tirando partido do meio em que se inserem e integrando princípios da arquitetura sustentável. Por outro lado, a qualidade de ar interior tem sido uma preocupação constante dos projetistas pois, atualmente, grande parte do dia é passado em espaços fechados e com concentrações de poluentes acima dos recomendados. Estas concentrações devem-se ao aumento da preocupação com a diminuição das infiltrações sem acautelar os valores de renovação de ar adequados. Atualmente, a legislação relativa ao desempenho energético dos edifícios veio evidenciar uma evolução ao nível das exigências regulamentares relativas aos vãos envidraçados, mostrando o forte impacto que estes elementos têm nas condições de conforto interior e por consequência nos consumos energéticos dos mesmos. Os vãos envidraçados são um elemento intermediário nas trocas de energia entre o interior e o exterior, representando também pontos de infiltração não controlada de ar. Torna-se vantajoso a reabilitação dos vãos envidraçados de modo a maximizar a qualidade do ar interior e as condições de conforto, sem aumentar os consumos energéticos.This article is based on a synthesis of knowledge regarding ventilation and energy efficiency, in a social context of greater demand for comfort conditions inside them. In recent decades there has been a growing concern about the excessive consumption of energy in buildings, which has led to the development and implementation of legislation to control the problem. In addition, several types of buildings have been developed with high energy efficiency, taking advantage of the environment in which they integrate and with integrating principles of sustainable architecture. On the other hand, the quality of indoor air has been a constant concern of the project engineer because, today, a large part of the day is spent in enclosed spaces and with concentrations of pollutants above those recommended. These concentrations are due to the rising concern with the reduction of infiltrations without taking in consideration the adequate air renewal values. Currently, the legislation on the energy performance of buildings has shown an evolution in the regulatory requirements for glazed sills, showing the strong impact that these elements have on the interior comfort conditions and consequently on the energy consumptions of themselves. Glazed sills are an intermediate element in energy exchanges between the interior and exterior, also representing points of uncontrolled infiltration of air. It is advantageous to rehabilitate glazed sills in order to maximize indoor air quality and comfort conditions without increasing energy consumption.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Rethinking Leahy’s Emotional Schema Scale (LESS): Results from the Portuguese Adaptation of the LESS

This study aims to contribute to the study of emotional schemas, through the adaptation of the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) to Portuguese. The LESS is a 50 item self-report with 14 theoretical dimensions, representing concepts, evaluations, attributions of emotions, and strategies of emotion regulation (Leahy in Cognit Behav Pract 9(3):177–190, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(02)80048- 7). Translation, back-translation and pilot assessment of LESS’s Portuguese version were completed. Data was collected online with 396 participants. An exploratory principal component analysis was conducted. Parallel analysis revealed a 5-component structure, which after the deletion of eight items generated a fnal solution explaining 48% of the variance. Components internal consistency was adequate and convergent validity supported with signifcant correlations with difculties in emotional regulation and emotional processing, and psychopathology. It presents dimensions that are highly relevant for assessment, case conceptualization and clinical decision making. Although this scale is related to a specifc cognitive theory, the construct and its subscales may be useful beyond the psychotherapeutic model, stressing the transtheoretical potential of the scale.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio