Improved half-maximal inhibitory concentration regression model using amyotrophic lateral sclerosis data

The current research addresses the critical need for precise half-maximal inhibitory concentration regression in the neurodegenerative condition amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Unavailable drug-induced gene expressions and irrelevant molecular descriptors have yielded regression models with less accuracy using traditional machine learning (ML). Drugs can be converted to graph format and integrated with gene expressions to learn drug-gene interactions better thereby producing precise half-maximal inhibitory concentration regression models. To accomplish this, three variants of graph neural networks (GNN) namely graph attention networks (GAT), message passing neural networks, and graph isomorphism networks are utilized in the proposed work. The gene expression profiles of ALS drugrelated genes were retrieved from the DepMap PRISM drug repurposing hub, and the drug graphs with their accompanying half-maximal inhibitory concentration values were obtained from the ChEMBL databases. The graph is constructed for ninety approved drugs connected to 32 key protein targets of ALS and its related conditions. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration regression model trained with optimized hyperparameters in GAT performs well with an R2 score of 0.92, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.20, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.17. This model produced better results than other ML and deep learning models

Analysis of individual case safety reports of spontaneous reporting in adverse drug reaction monitoring centre at a tertiary care hospital

Background: In developing countries like India, the increased economic burden in healthcare system is due to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related hospitalizations which in turn are related to polypharmacy associated with increased potential of ADRs. World Health Organization (WHO) started the program for international drug monitoring (WHO PIDM) in the year 1968. India is one of the member countries under WHO PIDM using the Vigibase for analysis of individual case safety reports (ICSRs). Aim of the study was to analyse the ICSRs by spontaneous reporting at ADR monitoring centre.Methods: The present study was focused on analyzing the ICSRs of spontaneous reporting using Vigiflow data from the ADR monitoring centre (AMC), Madras Medical College, Chennai.Results: A total of 541 ICSRs from the period between July 2017 and June 2018 were analysed. Among 541 ICSRs, 814 ADRs were analysed and found that the majority of the ADRs belonged to SOC of gastrointestinal disorders and the most of the ADRs were implicated by antimicrobial agents followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Among all the ICSRs, majority of the ADRs occurred in males (n=292) and the maximum number of ADRs were in the age group of 45-60 years (n=197). Of the 541 ICSRs, 313 were found to be of “serious” category and majority of the ICSRs outcome was found to be “recovered” (n=262). The causality assessment of the ICSRs were anlysed and found that the maximum number of ICSRs were under “probable” category as per WHO-UMC scale.Conclusions: Robust pharmacovigilance activities plays important role in minimizing the ADRs for better patient safety

Litsea Deccanensis Ameliorates Myocardial Infarction in Wistar Rats: Evidence from Biochemical and Histological Studies

The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of methanolic extract of Litsea deccanensis (MELD) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats by studying cardiac markers, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, and histological changes. Male Wistar rats were treated orally with MELD (100 and 200 mg/kg) daily for a period of 21 days. After 21 days of pretreatment, isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously to rats at an interval of 24 h for 2 days to induce myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol-induced rats showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in the levels of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and lipid hydro peroxides. The serum lipid levels were altered in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats. The histopathological findings of the myocardial tissue evidenced myocardial damage in isoproterenol-induced rats. The oral pretreatment with MELD restored the pathological alterations in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats. The MELD pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of biochemical markers, lipid peroxidation and regulated the lipid profile of the antioxidant system in the isoproterenol-induced rats. An inhibited myocardial necrosis was evidenced by the histopathological findings in MELD pretreated isoproterenol-induced rats. Our study shows that oral pretreatment with MELD prevents isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress in myocardial infarction. The presence of phenolic acid and flavonoid contents were confirmed by preliminary phytochemical tests. The reducing power and free radical scavenging activities of the MELD may be the possible reason for it pharmacological actions

Steganography Based Authenticated Data Sharing in Health Care

As per Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)the patient's protection and protection are significant in assurance of medical care protection. Simultaneously, the quantity of maturing populace is developing essentially. Purpose Of-care in medical clinics utilized generally around the globe. The Security Regulations are represented in order to provide data veracity, privacy, and accessibility. Consequently, patient’s ECG along with other physiological signals, for example, temperature, pulse, glucose reading, position, and so forth, were gathered by utilizing Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) and transmitted. At a similar cost, understanding protection is ensured against stalkers while information direct in vulnerable organization and placed in medical clinic workers. Likewise, the accompanying system was consolidated in this venture: (1) encryption and decryption for information classification and trustworthiness (2) ECG based Steganography to trade information. Our plan additionally guarantees security, efficiency, and scalability.</jats:p