THE IRISH ITINERANTS: SOME DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS. BROADSHEET No. 18, May 1979

SOME selected characteristics of Irish itinerants are discussed in this paper. An account is given of some of the problems faced by itinerants based on factual material obtained from Irish official publications, books and articles on Irish itinerants, discussions with people who work with itinerants and the findings of unpublished censuses of itinerants taken by Local Authorities. The study does not involve social or psychological analysis but tries by the presentation of facts assembled together to "help, if in a small way, those who are trying to improve the lot of itinerants". The problem of itinerancy is seen by the authors as part of the problem of poverty. Itinerants are or were, on the whole, the dispossessed--poor, homeless, illiterate, despised." Some, particularly the roadside traders (whom many would not regard as itinerants), are reasonably well off but the great majority according to Patricia McCarthy (1975) were regarded as "marginal people in every sense . . . living a primitive and harsh existence." They are conscious of their poverty, avoid integration with the settled community, and have a low self esteem because of their dependence on charity and social welfare

Head impact exposure in junior and adult Australian football players

Tis study measured and compared the frequency, magnitude, and distribution of head impacts sustained by junior and adult Australian football players, respectively, and between player positions over a season of games. Twelve junior and twelve adult players were tracked using a skin-mounted impact sensor. Head impact exposure, including frequency, magnitude, and location of impacts, was quantifed using previously established methods. Over the collection period, there were no signifcant diferences in the impact frequency between junior and adult players. However, there was a signifcant increase in the frequency of head impacts for midfelders in both grades once we accounted for player position. A comparable amount of head impacts in both junior and adult players has implications for Australian football regarding player safety and medical coverage as younger players sustained similar impact levels as adult players. Te other implication of a higher impact profle within midfelders is that, by targeting education and prevention strategies, a decrease in the incidence of sports-related concussion may result

The administrator character from Renaissance humanism to modernism: an examination of the authorial tradition of using characterisation to represent the mundane processes of their contemporary soundings, and as means through which to engage in discourses of power

This PhD aims to investigate the development of a character type, referred to in this thesis as the ‘administrator’ - the character used by authors as a means to reflect through character both the mundane processes of their contemporary soundings, and as a means through which to address contemporary discourses of power. This character has historically functioned to alter the course of plots, determine the fates of other characters, and dictate the pace of a narrative, yet despite having pervaded literature and wider culture over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth century, the character of the administrator has evaded detailed academic analysis of how and why such characters appear to be both wholly implicated in the plot’s outcome and yet are powerless to prevent the outcomes that it heralds. The goal of this thesis is, then, to trace and analyse a major aspect of characterisation that has seldom been made explicit in literary studies: the importance of the role that characterisation plays in the text’s relationship with systematised power. By using the text's principal administrator character, or means of characterising systematised power, as a prism through which to view the text, we may attempt to separate those aspects of the text which critique contemporary social hierarchies from those aspects of the text which reflect, or even affirm them, from the period of the early Renaissance through to the beginning of the twentieth century. Through an 'archaeology' of such a character type, the thesis shows how administrator characters have been used historically to incorporate the author's impressions of new organisational structures and the growing influence of certain institutions, from Machiavelli, More and Shakespeare through to the beginnings of modernism. The primary texts of this thesis have been selected as those which coincide with and appear to address major reconfigurations of collective organisation. By tracing the roots of the administrator character trope, as a kind of pre-history of our contemporary power relations (both in artistic representation and in our own relationships with systematised power), back to their earliest appearances in the Early Modern period, this thesis also seeks to contribute to a greater understanding of both the historical production of, and forms of subjectivity incorporated into, literary texts

Human Response to Aircraft-Noise-Induced Building Vibration

The effects of noise induced building structure vibration and the rattle of objects on human response to aircraft flyover noise were investigated in a series of studies conducted in both the field and the laboratory. The subjective detection thresholds for vibration and rattle were determined as well as the effect of vibration and rattle upon aircraft noise annoyance

Studies on the Adaptation of Irish Industry. ESRI Memorandum Series No. 133 1979

Studies on the Adaptation of Irish Industry, as the title implies, is a collection of articles around the theme of industrial adaptation. Considerations of size of the volume limit the range of problems and issues which can be tackled. It may be said that we should have dealt with problems facing the individual company or industry as the Irish economy moved from protection to free trade; or we should have developed the issue of the role of finance in adaptation or of the importance of factor markets in encouraging a particular type of industry. We decided however to confine the paper to discussion of some aspects of adaptation which we considered import and relevant, and for which statistics were available. The changing international trade environment and its relationship to industrial adaptation is examined, particularly the dependence of the necessary economic expansion on large increases in exports and imported materials. The expansion of import substitution is considered a valid policy in view of the under-utilisation of labour in Ireland. A search is made for commodities production of which might be increased, bearing in mind the assumption that such production will tend to increase experts and decrease competitive imports. There should be expansion in processed meat as compared with live animal experts; cheese, vegetables, fish exported in greater quantities; motor vehicle and machinery parts should be developed. The methodology used in the paper could be applied in the search for products in large and increasing world demand

Capital and Labour in Irish Manufacturing Industry Some Statistical Material. ESRI Memorandum Series No. 136 1979

The availability of R.N. Vaughan's annual estimates of gross and net capital stock for each manufacturing industry for the period 1945-1973 must inspire many research papers, of which the present, denting with levels and trends in recent years, is the first and simplest. In fact the present article is a presentation of derived statistics related to capital stock data for manufacturing industries. We confine our attention to the eleven years 1963-1973: 1973 was not only the last year of the Vaughan capital stock data but it was also the latest year preceding the recession of the years 1974-1976, and notably a good year for industry; in 1963 the industrial upsurge which began ca. 1960 was well set. It also happened that in 1977 CSO published a very convenient table of Indices of volume of gross output of each CIP industry, for the period 1963-1973. First we set up seven tables of basic data for 45 manufacturing Industries and 11 years, in fact matrices 46 x 11 including a final 46th row for the total, as follows

Effect of acute severe hypoxia on peripheral fatigue and endurance capacity in healthy humans

Effect of acute severe hypoxia on peripheral fatigue and endurance capacity in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292: R598–R606, 2007. First published September 7, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00269.2006.—We hypothesized that severe hypoxia limits exercise performance via decreased contractility of limb locomotor muscles. Nine male subjects [mean SE maximum O2 uptake (V˙ O2 max) 56.5 2.7 ml kg 1 min 1] cycled at 90% V˙ O2 max to exhaustion in normoxia [NORM-EXH; inspired O2 fraction (FIO2) 0.21, arterial O2 saturation (SpO2) 93 1%] and hypoxia (HYPOX-EXH; FIO2 0.13, SpO2 76 1%). The subjects also exercised in normoxia for a time equal to that achieved in hypoxia (NORM-CTRL; SpO2 96 1%). Quadriceps twitch force, in response to supramaximal single (nonpotentiated and potentiated 1 Hz) and paired magnetic stimuli of the femoral nerve (10–100 Hz), was assessed pre- and at 2.5, 35, and 70 min postexercise. Hypoxia exacerbated exercise-induced peripheral fatigue, as evidenced by a greater decrease in potentiated twitch force in HYPOX-EXH vs. NORM-CTRL ( 39 4 vs. 24 3%, P 0.01). Time to exhaustion was reduced by more than two-thirds in HYPOX-EXH vs. NORM-EXH (4.2 0.5 vs. 13.4 0.8 min, P 0.01); however, peripheral fatigue was not different in HYPOX-EXH vs. NORM-EXH ( 34 4 vs. 39 4%, P 0.05). Blood lactate concentration and perceptions of limb discomfort were higher throughout HYPOX-EXH vs. NORM-CTRL but were not different at end-exercise in HYPOX-EXH vs. NORM-EXH. We conclude that severe hypoxia exacerbates peripheral fatigue of limb locomotor muscles and that this effect may contribute, in part, to the early termination of exercise

Effects of arterial oxygen content on peripheral locomotor muscle fatigue

The effect of arterial O2 content (Ca(O2)) on quadriceps fatigue was assessed in healthy, trained male athletes. On separate days, eight participants completed three constant-workload trials on a bicycle ergometer at fixed workloads (314 +/- 13 W). The first trial was performed while the subjects breathed a hypoxic gas mixture [inspired O2 fraction (Fi(O2)) = 0.15, Hb saturation = 81.6%, Ca(O2) = 18.2 ml O2/dl blood; Hypo] until exhaustion (4.5 +/- 0.4 min). The remaining two trials were randomized and time matched with Hypo. The second and third trials were performed while the subjects breathed a normoxic (Fi(O2) = 0.21, Hb saturation = 95.0%, Ca(O2) = 21.3 ml O2/dl blood; Norm) and a hyperoxic (Fi(O2) = 1.0, Hb saturation = 100%, Ca(O2) = 23.8 ml O2/dl blood; Hyper) gas mixture, respectively. Quadriceps muscle fatigue was assessed via magnetic femoral nerve stimulation (1-100 Hz) before and 2.5 min after exercise. Myoelectrical activity of the vastus lateralis was obtained from surface electrodes throughout exercise. Immediately after exercise, the mean force response across 1-100 Hz decreased from preexercise values (P < 0.01) by -26 +/- 2, -17 +/- 2, and -13 +/- 2% for Hypo, Norm, and Hyper, respectively; each of the decrements differed significantly (P < 0.05). Integrated electromyogram increased significantly throughout exercise (P < 0.01) by 23 +/- 3, 10 +/- 1, and 6 +/- 1% for Hypo, Norm, and Hyper, respectively; each of the increments differed significantly (P < 0.05). Mean power frequency fell more (P < 0.05) during Hypo (-15 +/- 2%); the difference between Norm (-7 +/- 1%) and Hyper (-6 +/- 1%) was not significant (P = 0.32). We conclude that deltaCa(O2) during strenuous systemic exercise at equal workloads and durations affects the rate of locomotor muscle fatigue development