Antibiotic resistance pattern of salmonella isolated from hamburgers and detection of their sensitivity to some essential oils

Background and purpose: Antibiotic resistance has prompted the use of medicinal plants with low side effects instead of common drugs. The aim of this study was to identify the contamination level of industrial hamburgers to salmonella, detecting their antibiotic resistance pattern, and their sensitivity to Ferula gummosa, Citrus limon, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pelargonium roseum, Zataria multiflora, Bunium persicum, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosa damascene, Artemisia dracunculus, and Ocimum basilicum essential oils. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 samples were randomly purchased from local markets in Kashan and evaluated for occurrence of Salmonella by culture media. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated using disc diffusion. Also, susceptibility of the isolates to 12 plant essential oils was evaluated by disc diffusion and microdilution methods. Results: Two samples (2%) were contaminated with Salmonella that one was Salmonella serogroup C2 (antigen O8) and the other isolate was not in any serogroup. Disk diffusion method showed that the two isolates were 100% resistant to at least one antibiotic or more. The isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The inhibitory effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on growth of Salmonella was the highest with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of 0.39 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively, and the mean zone of inhibition growth of 23.67±1.18 mm. Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolated from hamburgers was high. The essential oils used in this study exhibited high anti-Salmonella properties compared to common antibiotics and could be used as a beneficial medicinal plant. © 2017, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Familial and sporadic GJB2-related deafness in iran: Review of gene mutations

Background: Mutations in the GJB2 gene encoding connexin 26 protein, are the main cause for autosomal recessive and sporadic non syndromic hearing loss in many populations. Here, we have taken together and reviewed results from our six previous publications, our unpublished data from ten Iranian provinces, as well as data from two previous mutation reports to provide a comprehensive collection of data for GJB2 mutations and deafness in Iran. Methods: In all, 1095 hearing impaired students and their deaf siblings from 890 families in 10 provinces of Iran were studied. The prevalence and type of the GJB2 gene mutations were investigated using nested PCR Ore screening strategy and direct sequencing of the coding exon of the gene. Results: Altogether 31 different genetic variants were detected from which 17 GJB2 mutations were identified. GJB2 mutations were found in 14.6% of deaf families (18.29% of familial and 12.7% of sporadic cases). We found GJB2 mutations in both alleles in 78% of GJB2 mutations chromosomes. However, 35deIG mutation was the most common GJB2 mutation accounting for 74.5% of the mutations in populations studied. Conclusion: Our data indicated that a specific combination of GJB2 mutations types and frequencies was presented in different populations of Iran. These results also highlight the importance of GJB2 mutations in development of hearing loss in familial and sporadic deaf families in different parts of the country and can be used as a basis of genetic counseling and clinical guideline in Iran

Introduction of Interleukin-18 genotype as a risk factor for allergic rhinitis in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province

زمینه و هدف: اینترلوکین 18 عضوی از خانواده ی اینترلوکین یک می باشد که در اصل به عنوان فاکتور القا کننده ی اینترفرون گاما شناخته شده؛ ولی در تعادل واکنش های ایمنی مربوط به سلول های کمکی 1 و 2 (Th1/Th2) نیز موثر است. همچنین اینترلوکین 18 با افزایش بیان ایمنوگلوبین E سبب افزایش بروز بیماری رینیت آلرژیک می گردد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی چگونگی ارتباط پلی مورفیسم ژن اینترلوکین 18 (G/C 133-) با بیماری رینیت آلرژیک در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، DNA ژنومی نمونه های خون 293 بیمار مبتلا به رینیت آلرژیک و 218 فرد سالم به روش استاندارد فنل کلروفرم استخراج گردید. پلی مورفیسم G/C133- ژن اینترلوکین 18، به روش RCR–RFLP در دو گروه بررسی و مقایسه شد. یافته ها: فراوانی ژنوتیپ GCاز پلی مورفیسم ژن اینترلوکین 18 (133-) به صورت معنی داری در بیماران با رینیت آلرژیک نسبت به نمونه های کنترل بیشتر بود (05/0>P). با مقایسه فراوانی ژنوتیپ های حامل آلل G با ژنوتیپ های فاقد آلل G CC)) در دو گروه، میزان ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه (OR) برابر با 69/3 محاسبه گردید. نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه پیشنهاد می کند که پلی مورفیسم G/C133- ژن اینترلوکین 18 ممکن است به عنوان یک ریسک فاکتور در بیماری زایی رینیت آلرژیک نقش داشته باشد

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium species in Recreational Waters of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiyari Province of Iran using nested-PCR-RFLP

Background: The aim of this study was to detect and characterize Cryptosporidium spp. in water sam­ples collected from recreational ponds of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiyari Province of Iran .Meth­ods: Thirty water samples were collected from November 2009 to May 2010. Each sample con­tained 10 liters of water. We used the SSU rRNA-based PCR-RFLP technique.Results: Out of thirty samples examined, 6 (20%) were positive for different Cryptosporidium spp. Restriction pattern analysis showed that C. parvum has been the most prevalent genotype, fol­lowed by C. hominis and C. canis , respectively. In this area, the higher prevalence of C. par­vum compared with other genotypes is consistent with the distribution of cattle.Conclusion: Farm animals, particularly cattle are the main source of cryptosporidial contamina­tion for recreational waters in this area

Expandable DNA repeat and human hereditary disorders

Background & Aims: Nearly 30 hereditary disorders in humans result from an increase in the number of copies of simple repeats in genomic DNA, including fragile X syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, Huntington’s disease, and Friedreich’s ataxia. One the most frequently occurring types of mutation is trinucleotide repeat expansion. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the cause and molecular mechanisms of repeat expansions DNA and their pathogenic mechanisms in diverse classes of genetic diseases. Methods: Scientific databases were searched using the keywords expandable DNA repeat fragile X, myotonic dystrophy, Huntington’s disease, and Friedreich’s ataxia. After primary screening, articles which were related to the studies topic were further considered and analyzed. Results: DNA repeats seem to be predisposed to such expansion due to their unusual structural features, which disrupt the cellular replication, repair, and recombination processes. The majority of these debilitating diseases are caused by repeat expansions in the noncoding regions of their resident genes. The pathogenic mechanism underling these disorders include loss of function in protein and gain of function in protein or ribonucleic acid (RNA). Conclusion: Although diseases caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion vary in their phenotypes, they are somewhat similar in their pathogenic mechanism and medical findings. It is likely that progress made in this field will be beneficial to patients who have other neurological diseases. © 2016, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Upregulated Expression of Osteonectin and Bone Sialoprotein in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Background: Oxidative stress has been associated with the progression of atherosclerosis and activation of genes that lead to increased deposition of proteins in the extracellular matrix. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteonectin are proteins involved in the initiation and progression of vascular calcification. Objective: To investigate the effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein on osteonectin and BSP expression in human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HA/VSMCs). Methods: We treated HA/VSMCs with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and measured the relative expression of osteonectin and BSP genes using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. We investigated the protein levels produced by each gene using the western blotting technique. Results: oxLDL increased osteonectin and BSP levels (mean SD], 9.1 2.1]-fold and 4.2 0.75]-fold, respectively) after 48 hours. The western blotting results also confirmed the increased levels of osteonectin and BSP. Conclusion: oxLDL may enhance vascular calcification by promoting the expression of osteonectin and BSP

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Bunium persicum, Eucalyptus globulus, and Rose Water on Multidrug-Resistant Listeria Species

This research was aimed at investigating the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Bunium persicum, Eucalyptus globulus, and rose water on multidrug-resistant Listeria species. The antibiotic resistance of Listeria spp obtained from seafood samples were determined by the Kirby-Bauer method. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the essential oils and extracts were evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power and microdilution methods, respectively. A total 2 samples (1.88) were positive for Listeria spp. L monocytogenes was found to be resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, penicillin, vancomycin, and kanamycin. B persicum essential oil showed the greatest antioxidant activity (248.56 ± 1.09 µM Fe 2+ /g). The E globulus essential oil showed consistently strong antimicrobial activity against L monocytogenes and L grayi, while rose water showed no antimicrobial activity against any of the tested bacterial strains. The results showed that after adding the B persicum and E globulus essential oils to bacteria, the cell components� release increased significantly. © The Author(s) 2018

Molecular identification of Sarcocystis species in raw hamburgers using PCR–RFLP method in Kashan, central Iran

The prevalence of bovine Sarcocystosis is high in the most regions of the world. It can be a human health problem due to consumption of raw or under cooked hamburgers or other bovine meat products. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and species identification of Sarcocystis among of hamburgers, using PCR–RFLP methods in Kashan, central Iran. Overall 200 raw industrial hamburgers samples with at least 60% meat were randomly collected from nine different brands in Kashan, central Iran. The genomic DNA was extracted and a PCR–RFLP method was used to amplify an approximately 900 bp fragment at the 18S rRNA(SSU) gene, restriction enzyme BclI was used for species identification. The results showed that 58 (29%) of 200 tested hamburger samples were infected to Sarcocystis spp. The prevalence rate was 31.25 and 26.9% in the hamburgers with 90 and 60–75% meat, respectively. According to PCR–RFLP analysis, 43 (74.1%) of the 58 isolates were Sarcocystis cruzi, 12 (20.7%) showed co-infection to S. cruzi and Sarcocystis hirsuta, 2 (3.5%) was mixed infected to S. cruzi and Sarcocystis hominis, 1 (1.7%) showed the pattern of mix infection to three species. This study revealed one-third of industrial hamburger were infected to S. cruzi or mixed infection of S. cruzi with other bovine sarcocytosis. To prevent cattle infection, the possible ingestion of the disposal sporocyst stage from dogs must be eliminated. Although in this study, the prevalence of S. hominis was low and cannot be considered as a major zoonosis, it should be recommended avoiding eating under cooked hamburger and other bovine meat products to prevent human infection

Damage intensity of gallic acid on prostatic cancer cells lineDu145 by alkaline electrophoresis

زمینه و هدف: سرطان پروستات شایع ترین سرطان در جامعه مردان است. عوامل بسیار زیادی منجر به بروز این بیماری می شود. در عین حال فاکتورهای متعددی به منظور پیشگیری و یا درمان این بیماری شناسایی شده اند. آنتی اکسیدان ها و مخصوصاً ترکیبات پلی فنلی مانند اسید گالیک دارای ظرفیت بالقوه ای از این ویژگی هستند. در این مطالعه با استفاده از تکنیک الکتروفورز قلیایی، اثر اسید گالیک را بر لاین سلول های سرطانی Du145 پروستات مورد مطالعه قرار دادیم. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی آزمایشگاهی، میزان زیست پذیری سلول های Du145 در مجاورت غلظت های مختلف گالیک اسید، به کمک روش رنگ سنجی تترازولیوم (MTT) اندازه گیری و غلظت مهارکنندگی 50 درصد رشد سلول‌ها (IC50) محاسبه شد. سه غلظت نزدیک به IC50 از داروی اسید گالیک برای 48 ساعت بر سلول های مذکور تیمار شد. پس از انجام الکتروفورز قلیایی تصاویر کامت های ایجاد شده با استفاده از نرم افزار CASP آنالیز شدند. یافته ها: با استفاده از آزمون MTT و بر اساس مدل پروبیت میزان IC50 اسید گالیک برای سلول های Du145 برابر 35 میکرومولار بدست آمد. در آزمون الکتروفورز قلیایی، برای سه غلظت 25،30 و 35 میکرومولار اسیدگالیک، نسبت طول کامت به قطر سلول به ترتیب برابر 1/3±6/7، 2/6±13/8 و 1/2±69/4 بود. نتیجه گیری: گالیک اسید به عنوان یک آنتی اکسیدان قدرتمند در غلظت های نزدیک به IC50 اثر مهاری شدیدی بر رشد سلول های سرطان پروستات (لاین Du145) داشته و با اثر تخریبی بر ژنوم این سلول ها می تواند آپوپتوز را در آنان القاء کند

Study of I405V polymorphism of cholesterol ester transfer protein gene in efficacy of statins on plasma level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol

زمینه و هدف: پروتئین انتقال دهنده کلسترول استر (CETP) در متابولیسم لیپوپروتئین با دانستیه بالا (HDL) و مسیر انتقال معکوس کلسترول نقش اساسی دارد. چند شکلی های ژن CETP مانند I405V (ایزولوسین به والین) که مستقیماً بر HDL کلسترول تاثیر می‌گذارد رونویسی از این ژن را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. هدف این مطالعه تعیین تاثیر پلی مورفیسم I405V ژن CETP بر سطح HDL کلسترول در پاسخ به درمان با استاتین‌ها می‌باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی از بین بیمارانی که سطح لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته پایین کلسترول (LDL-C) بالاتر از 120 میلی گرم در دسی لیتر تحت درمان، 196 بیمار دریافت کننده لواستاتین و آتوراستاتین انتخاب شدند. در همه بیماران قبل و بعد از درمان پروفایل لیپیدی اندازه‌گیری شد. پلی مورفیسم I405V ژن CETP توسط تکنیک چند شکلی طول قطعه محدود (PCR- RFLP) تعیین گردید. سپس نتایج آزمایشات بیوشیمیایی در پلی مورفیسم‌های مختلف با استفاده از آزمون‌های t زوجی، ANOVA و توکی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: پس از درمان با لواستاتین در ژنوتیپ VV سطح کلسترول کاهش بیشتر و سطح HDL افزایش بیشتری نسبت به دو ژنوتیپ دیگر نشان داد (05/0