386 research outputs found
Effect of Berry Weight and its Components on the Contents of Sugars and Anthocyanins of Three Varieties of Vitis vinifera L. under Different Water Supply Conditions
The influence of berry size on wine quality is a matter of debate. With the aim to contribute to that debate,a study of the influence of the varieties Tannat, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon on berry weight, onberry components (flesh, seeds and skin) and on the varietiesâ oenological potential under different watersupply conditions was carried out in Uruguay between 2001 and 2004. Replicated samples of 250 berriesper vineyard were gathered at technological maturity at harvest. Berry weight and volume, weight ratioamong each of the components and anthocyanin potential (ApH1 ) were measured and a basic analysis ofthe must was carried out. The vine water status was established through the measurement of pre-dawnleaf water potential. The tests showed that berry weight and sugar content were positively correlated anddepended on variety, as was evident from the proportions of the berry components. Flesh weight wasthe most important determinant of berry weight, and flesh weight changed with the weight of the seeds.Larger values of these two components explained the heavier berries of the Tannat variety. On the otherhand, Tannat berries had higher contents and concentrations of anthocyanins and sugars, and displayedthe largest variation in these chemical compounds. Berry weight, weight and proportion of skin or theirrelationships did not determine anthocyanin contents or concentration. In response to the yearsâ waterconditions, different varieties showed different behaviours, explaining the variation in weight and in thecomposition of the berries
On Passion and Sports Fans:A Look at Football
The purpose of the present research was to test the applicability of the Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand et al., 2003) to being a sport (football) fan. The model posits that passion is a strong inclination toward an activity that individuals like (or even love), that they value, and in which they invest time and energy. Furthermore, two types of passion are proposed: harmonious and obsessive passion. While obsessive passion entails an uncontrollable urge to engage in the passionate activity, harmonious passion entails a sense of volition while engaging in the activity. Finally, the model posits that harmonious passion leads to more adaptive outcomes than obsessive passion. Three studies provided support for this dualistic conceptualization of passion. Study 1 showed that harmonious passion was positively associated with adaptive behaviours (e.g., celebrate the teamâs victory), while obsessive passion was rather positively associated with maladaptive behaviours (e.g., to risk losing oneâs employment to go to the teamâs game). Study 2 used a short Passion Scale and showed that harmonious passion was positively related to the positive affective life of fans during the 2006 FIFA World Cup, psychological health (self-esteem and life satisfaction), and public displays of adaptive behaviours (e.g., celebrating oneâs team victory in the streets), while obsessive passion was predictive of maladaptive affective life (e.g., hating opposing teamâs fans) and behaviours (e.g., mocking the opposing teamâs fans). Finally, Study 3 examined the role of obsessive passion as a predictor of partnerâs conflict that in turn undermined partnerâs relationship satisfaction. Overall, the present results provided support for the Dualistic Model of Passion. The conceptual and applied implications of the findings are discussed
The effect of chronic quercetin supplementation on bone health in postmenopausal women: A double-blind placebo-controlled investigation
Currently, there is limited research investigating the effects of quercetin on bone turnover and density. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of 90-day quercetin supplementation on bone turnover, inflammation, body composition, and physical function in postmenopausal women. Thirty-four healthy postmenopausal women (59.2 ± 7.0 yrs, 80.7 ± 15.6 kg, 29.8 ± 6.1 kgâž±m2) participated in the double-blind placebo-controlled investigation. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 500 mg of Q or 500 mg of fiber (placebo; PLB). Data collected during the pre-and post-supplementation assessments included: bone turnover (osteocalcin, P1NP, CTX), inflammation markers (IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP), body composition, dominant handgrip strength, and timed up and go test. Independent samples t-tests were used for between-group comparisons of baseline values and the percent change for each dependent variable. A significant difference in percent change for osteocalcin (Q: 20.5±25.7; PLB: 1.3±17.2; p=0.016; d=0.89), P1NP (Q: 28.9 (6.0â57.3); PLB: 4.6 (-7.6 â 8.5); p=0.030; d=0.64), and CTX (Q: 39.0 (-10.0 â 84.6); PLB: -7.74 (-28.9 â 18.5); p=0.023; d=0.91) was found between Q and PLB, with greater increases in Q. Changes in the inflammation markers IL-6 (Q: -17.6±24.1; PLB: 2.90±31.1; p=0.045; d=0.73) and TNF-alpha (Q: -4.9± (-15.3 â [-3.2]); PLB: 1.9 (-7.8 â 4.0); p=0.021; d=0.90) between the two groups were significant. No significant changes were found between groups for CRP, body composition, and physical function (p\u3e0.05). The data suggest that Q may improve bone health status in postmenopausal women through its ability to decrease pro-inflammatory mediators and increase turnover markers
On passion and moral behavior in achievement settings: The mediating role of pride
The Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand et al., 2003) distinguishes two types of passion: harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP) that predict adaptive and less adaptive outcomes, respectively. In the present research, we were interested in understanding the role of passion in the adoption of moral behavior in achievement settings. It was predicted that the two facets of pride (authentic and hubristic; Tracy & Robins, 2007) would mediate the passion-moral behavior relationship. Specifically, because people who are passionate about a given activity are highly involved in it, it was postulated that they should typically do well and thus experience high levels of pride when engaged in the activity. However, it was also hypothesized that while both types of passion should be conducive to authentic pride, only OP should lead to hubristic pride. Finally, in line with past research on pride (Carver, Sinclair, & Johnson, 2010; Tracy et al., 2009), only hubristic pride was expected to negatively predict moral behavior, while authentic pride was expected to positively predict moral behavior. Results of two studies conducted with paintball players (N=163, Study 1) and athletes (N=296, Study 2) supported the proposed model. Future research directions are discussed in light of the Dualistic Model of Passion
Predicting microbial water quality with models: Over-arching questions for managing risk in agricultural catchments
The application of models to predict concentrations of faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) in environmental systems plays an important role for guiding decision-making associated with the management of microbial water quality. In recent years there has been an increasing demand by policy-makers for models to help inform FIO dynamics in order to prioritise efforts for environmental and human-health protection. However, given the limited evidence-base on which FIO models are built relative to other agricultural pollutants (e.g. nutrients) it is imperative that the end-user expectations of FIO models are appropriately managed. In response, this commentary highlights four over-arching questions associated with: (i) model purpose; (ii) modelling approach; (iii) data availability; and (iv) model application, that must be considered as part of good practice prior to the deployment of any modelling approach to predict FIO behaviour in catchment systems. A series of short and longer-term research priorities are proposed in response to these questions in order to promote better model deployment in the field of catchment microbial dynamics
The intergenerational association between parents' problem gambling and impulsivity-hyperactivity/inattention behaviors in children
Despite the well-established association between problem gambling and ADHD core categories of impulsivity-hyperactivity and inattention, the link between parentsâ problem gambling and impulsivity-hyperactivity/inattention (IH/I) behaviors in children has not been investigated. This study investigated the association between parentsâ problem gambling and childrenâs IH/I behaviors while controlling for potential confounding variables. A population-based prospective cohort followed-up from kindergarten to age 30, the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (QLSKC), provided data over three generations. Among 1358 participants at age 30, parents with a child aged 1 year or older (N=468; Mean age=4.65 years; SD=2.70) were selected. Generalized Linear Models included measures of grandparentsâ and parentsâ problem gambling, parentsâ IH/I behaviors in childhood, and a host of risk factors and comorbidities to predict IH/I in children. Intergenerational bivariate associations were observed between grandparentsâ problem gambling, parentsâ IH/I in childhood and problem gambling at age 30, and between parentsâ IH/I, problem gambling, and childrenâs IH/I behaviors. Parentsâ problem gambling predicted childrenâs IH/I behaviors above and beyond the effects of covariates such as family and socioeconomic characteristics, alcohol and drug use, depression symptoms and parentsâ gambling involvement. Parentsâ IH/I behaviors in childhood also predicted childrenâs IH/I and had a moderating, enhancing effect on parentsâ problem gambling association with their offspringâs IH/I behaviors. Problem gambling is a characteristic of parentsâ mental health that is distinctively associated with childrenâs IH/I behaviors, above and beyond parentsâ own history of IH/I and of typically related addictive, psychopathological or socioeconomic risk factors and comorbidities
L'effet du climat viticole sur la typicité des vins rouges: caractérisation au niveau des régions viticoles Ibéro-Americaines.
Unintended learning in primary school practical science lessons from Polanyiâs perspective of intellectual passion
This study explored, from the perspective of intellectual passion developed by
Michael Polanyi, the unintended learning that occurred in primary practical science lessons.
We use the term âunintendedâ learning to distinguish it from âintendedâ learning that
appears in teachersâ learning objectives. Data were collected using video and audio
recordings of a sample of twenty-four whole class practical science lessons, taught by five
teachers, in Korean primary schools with 10- to 12-year-old students. In addition, video
and audio recordings were made for each small group of students working together in order
to capture their activities and intra-group discourse. Pre-lesson interviews with the teachers
were undertaken and audio-recorded to ascertain their intended learning objectives.
Selected key vignettes, including unintended learning, were analysed from the perspective
of intellectual passion developed by Polanyi. What we found in this study is that unintended
learning could occur when students got interested in something in the first place and
could maintain their interest. In addition, students could get conceptual knowledge when
they tried to connect their experience to their related prior knowledge. It was also found
that the processes of intended learning and of unintended learning were different. Intended
learning was characterized by having been planned by the teacher who then sought to
generate studentsâ interest in it. In contrast, unintended learning originated from studentsâ
spontaneous interest and curiosity as a result of unplanned opportunities. Whilst teachersâ
persuasive passion comes first in the process of intended learning, studentsâ heuristic
passion comes first in the process of unintended learning. Based on these findings, we argue that teachers need to be more aware that unintended learning, on the part of individual
students, can occur during their lesson and to be able to better use this opportunity
so that this unintended learning can be shared by the whole class. Furthermore, we argue
that teachersâ deliberate action and a more interactive classroom culture are necessary in
order to allow students to develop, in addition to heuristic passion, persuasive passion
towards their unintended learning
L'effet du climat viticole sur la typicité des vins blancs: caractérisation au niveau des régions viticoles ibéro-américaines.
There are many studies in the world that characterize the effect of the climate on grape composition and wine characteristics and typicity concerning different viticultural regions. However, the same is not true concerning studies in a worldwide scale to characterize this effect considering different climate types. This study is part of a CYTED (Ibero-American Program for Science, Technology and Development) project in vitivinicultural zoning. The objective was to characterize the effect of the viticultural climate on white wine typicity on the macro Ibero-American viticultural region. The methodology used 46 grape-growing regions in 6 Ibero-American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Portugal and Spain. The viticultural climate of each region was characterized by the 3 viticultural climate index of the Geoviticulture MCC System (1): HI (Heliothermal index), CI (Cool night index) and DI (Dryness index). The main sensory characteristics observed frequently in representative white wines produced with grapes of each of these 46 grape-growing regions were described by enologists in the respective countries, using the methodology of Zanus & Tonietto (2). The sensory description concerned the intensity of perception of Color (Cou), Aroma - Intensity (Ar), Aroma - Ripe Fruit (Ar-Fm), Body ? Palate Concentration (Con), Alcohol (Al) and Acidity (Ac). The Persistence in Mouth (Per) was also evaluated. The data were submitted to a correlation analysis of the variables and to a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the typicity of the white wines was correlated with the viticultural climate indexes HI, CI and DI from MCC System. The main wine sensory variables affected by viticultural climate are identified
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