Algal-fungal mutualism: cell recognition and maintenance of the symbiotic status of lichens

Lichens are specific symbiotic associations between photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria and heterotrophic fungi forming a double entity in which both components coexist. Specificity required for the lichen establishment can be defined in this context as the preferential, but not exclusive, association of a biont with another, since the algal factor susceptible to be recognized is an inducible protein. Recognition of compatible algal cells is performed by specific lectins produced and secreted by the potential mycobiont. Some lectins from phycolichens and cyanolichens are glycosylated arginases which bind to an algal cell wall receptor, identified as a a-1, 4-polygalactosylated urease. However, other ligands exist which bind other lectins specific for mannose or glucose. This implies that, after recognition of a potential, compatible partner, other fungal lectins could determine the final success of the association. Since the fungus can parasitize non - recognized partners during the development of the association, the success after the first contact needs of a set of algal cells, the number of which was sufficient to prevent that the death of a certain number of them makes fail the symbiosis. Fungal lectins act as chemo tactic factors in such a way that algae and cyanobacteria move towards the hyphae, to acquire that critical size of the colony, by means of successive contractions and relaxation of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in absence of any motile appendages

Retroneumoperitoneo secundario a dilatación endoscópica de anastomosis colorrectal: ¿permite un manejo conservador?

Background The incidence of anastomotic stricture varies due to the different definitions given to the condition. In most cases they are asymptomatic, and if there are symptoms, they are usually those of a partial intestinal obstruction. Case report The case is presented of an 80 year old patient who underwent a lower anterior resection for rectal neoplasm. After ileostomy closure, he presented with subocclusive symptoms caused by stenosis of colorectal anastomosis. This stenosis was managed with endoscopic dilations, and one of these dilations produced an anastomotic perforation with pneumoperitoneum, retropneumoperitoneum, and pneumothorax. Once the patient was clinically and haemodynamically stable, the perforation was treated with conservative measures, resolving the complication satisfactorily. Conclusions The literature describes several management options for colorectal anastomoses strictures, such as surgical resection, rubber dilators, endoscopic dilation, all of which might produce colonic perforation. Its management ranges from conservative measures to surgical intervention

Devastadora complicación tras tratamiento con aflibercept

Background The use of a new chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer is not free of complications. Monoclonal antibodies are associated with bleeding and intestinal perforations. Objective To report the case of a patient who developed a serious complication after treatment with an antiangiogenic drug for colorectal neoplasm. Clinical case The case is presented of a 42-year-old male operated on due to subocclusive rectal cancer with metástasis at the time of diagnosis. Sixteen months after surgery during second-line adjuvant therapy, an intestinal perforation was observed with haemorrhage and intestinal leak to retroperitoneum and left lower extremity. Despite intensive medical and surgical treatment this complication had fatal consequences. Conclusions Future research should be directed at obtaining biomarkers for the specific use of antiangiogenic agents in order to decrease the rate of adverse factors

Fascitis necrosante clostridial asociada a neoplasia colónica perforada: importancia de un diagnóstico precoz

La gangrena espontánea por Clostridium septicum es una entidad poco frecuente con una alta mortalidad que se asocia a pacientes neoplásicos y/o inmunodeprimidos. Caso clínico: Presentamos un caso de gangrena clostridial en un paciente con neoplasia de colon ascendente perforada a retroperitoneo. Discusión-conclusiones: Aunque es poco común deberemos pensar en una infección clostridial en pacientes sépticos y sospecha de neoplasia colónica. En ausencia de diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz, el pronóstico es fatal. Introduction Spontaneous gangrene due to Clostridium septicum is a low frequency pathology with a high mortality rate. It is related to neoplasic and/or immunodeficient patients. Case report We present the case of a patient who presented clostridial gangrene associated with a perforated colon neoplasm. Discussion-conclusions Although it is not very common it must supposed a clostridial infection in septic patients with colon neoplasm suspect. If diagnosis and treatment are delayed the prognostic of the patient is fatal

Proceso constructivo del Rockódromo Arena de Madrid, España

It has understand this project as a need to repair the Rockodromo place located in Casa de Campo of Madrid by means of the construction of Arena pavilion, an auxiliary pavilion and a connection tunnel. The aim is the possibility of contain multiple uses, as spectacle use with a total capacity of 10.800 seat spectators, a fair use. It has projected a roof with a “bicycle wheel typology” for covering the Arena Pavilion as the most identify element. This roof will is able to provide the light that needs this building types.Este proyecto parte de la necesidad de consolidar el recinto del Rockódromo de la Casa de Campo de Madrid mediante la construcción de un Pabellón Arena, un Pabellón auxiliar y un Túnel de conexión. El propósito de la obra consiste en la posibilidad de albergar en el Pabellón unos usos múltiples que permitan su funcionamiento como lugar de espectáculos, con una capacidad de 10.800 asientos, así como de usos feriales. Se ha proyectado una cubierta como el elemento más identificador, con una tipología de “rueda de bicicleta”, para cubrir el Pabellón Arena, que debido a su diafanidad y versatilidad puede ser capaz de suministrar la luz que requieren este tipo de edificios

Tratamiento de la base apendicular por laparoscopia mediante el uso de endograpadoras: análisis de nuestros resultados;

Objective The objective of this study is to analyse the results in our centre as regards the closure of the appendix stump in laparoscopic appendectomy using an endo-stapler. Material and methods A retrospective analysis, collecting the demographic, clinical, and surgical technique variables, was conducted on laparoscopic appendectomies with section of the appendix base with an endo-stapler performed between January 2013 and March 2015. Results A total of 239 patients were included in the analysis. Complications were recorded in 41 patients, with a re-admission rate of 5%, and 2.5% of patients received further surgery. The mean post-surgical stay was 3.64 days. Discussion and conclusions The endo-stapler is a suitable technique in the closure of the appendix stump, as regards post-surgical hospital stay and complications. Despite the advantages of its use, the employment of other techniques, such as endo-loops, should be evaluated in non-complicated appendectomies

A proposal for teacher European Higher Education Area (EHEA): how to teach from interdisciplinarity. The power in the modern age (I)

En el nuevo contexto del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, se presentan los resultados obtenidos por los diez profesores responsables de un Proyecto de Innovación Docente auspiciado por la Universidad de Córdoba en los cursos 2007-2009. Concebido básicamente como una reflexión sobre el propio quehacer del docente, aquél se planteó cómo explicar el poder en la época Moderna desde distintas disciplinas y, sobre todo, cómo el alumnado, variado por cursos y nivel de formación, trabajó y valoró la propuesta. Metodología eminentemente práctica y apoyo en las nuevas tecnologías han permitido agilizar el estudio y considerar muy positiva la experiencia obtenida.In the new context of European Higher Education Area, we present the results obtained by the ten teachers responsible for a Teaching Innovation Project sponsored by the University of Córdoba in the courses from 2007 to 2009. Designed primarily as a reflection on the teacher's own work, one asked how to explain the power in modern times from different disciplines and, above all, how the students, courses and varied by level of education, worked and appreciated the proposal. Very practical methodology and support new technologies have allowed expedite the study and considered very positive experience

¿podemos prevenir la dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía oncológica colorrectal mediante el empleo de la angiografía de fluorescencia con verde de indocianina?

Objetivo: La dehiscencia anastomótica (DA) en cirugía colorrectal es una de las complicaciones más devastadoras. El empleo de la angiografía de fluorescencia con verde de indocianina, se ha introducido en este campo como una herramienta prometedora para reducir la incidencia de DA. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar en nuestro medio, los resultados de la introducción de esta técnica en cuanto a prevención de DA. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo, incluyendo 59 pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal resectiva a los que se les realizó una evaluación mediante angiografía con verde de indocianina intraoperatoria de la vascularización anastomótica. Resultados: Tras la aplicación de la técnica, se modificó el punto de sección en 9 pacientes (15, 25%); en los cuales no se registró ninguna DA. La tasa de complicaciones global fue de 35, 59% (n=21) objetivando 3 dehiscencias anastomóticas en la serie. Discusión: Esta técnica se perfila como una estrategia adicional en la prevención de la aparición de DA. Serán necesarios estudios randomizados con inclusión de mayor número de pacientes para obtener resultados concluyentes. Aim: Anastomotic leakage (AL) following colorectal surgery is one of the most devastating complication. The use of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography has been developed as a promising tool to reduce the incidence of AL. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of this technique on the prevention of AL. Materials and Method: A prospective study was carried out, including 59 patients undergoing resective colorectal surgery. It was performed intraoperatively indocyanine green angiography evaluation of the anastomotic perfusión in all of then. Results: The section point was modified in 9 patients (15.25%); in which no AL was registered. The overall complication rate was 35.59% (n = 21), founding 3 anastomo-tic dehiscences in the serie. Conclusion: In conclusion, in our experience this technique is an additional strategy in the prevention of the AL. Randomized control trial including more patients will be necessary to obtain conclusive results

Apendicitis y para´sitos: a propo´sito de 2 casos

Objetivo: Enfatizar la importancia de sospechar esta etiología en la patogenia de la apendicitis aguda, especialmente en pacientes procedentes de países endémicos. Casos cliínicos: Presentamos dos casos, con cursos clínicos divergentes. Aim: We would like to emphasize the importance of having a high grade of suspect about the parasitic etiology of appendicitis acute, especially in patients from endemic countries. Case report: We present two cases with divergent clinical evolution