Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

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NANOMETRIC MODELISATION OF GAS STRUCTURE, A MULTIDIMENTIONNAL QUANTUM WELL

The present work is dedicated to the numeric physical modelisation of the potential to the interface of a heterostructure in GaAsAl/GaAs. Calculs, using some projective methods, permitting the integration of Hamiltonian, with Green functions in the equation of Schrödinger, for a rigorous resolution with the equation of Poisson are elaborated. A study of convergence of globally no linear system is done and it confirmed for ten bases functions and a very determined electric wall position. The different parameter influence on performances of the GaAsAl/GaAs heterostructure is put in evidence; what will permit us subsequently to consider the dynamic of the carriers in a HEMT heterostructure by rigorous and complete manner

Identifying candidate genes involved in Nitric Oxide signaling during cell death

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that mediates many plant developmental and physiological processes. This small gaseous radical was first found to play a crucial role in mediating hypersensitive response induced cell death together with ROS in plant defense reactions against incompatible bacterial pathogens. Beside this it was also shown to influence numerous physiological processes throughout the entire plant life cycle. To study NO responses in plant we have developed a fumigation chamber which allows to treat plants with a precise amount of NO gas concentration in air. Arabidopsis thaliana plants of different ages were first characterized for their response to different NO treatments. In particular we showed that four weeks old Arabidopsis thaliana plants were insensitive to NO fumigation when treated 8 hours with a gas containing up to100 ppm of NO. Using higher NO gas concentrations appearance of typical cell death symptoms was observed. This NO sensitiveness was shown to be strongly dependent on light conditions. In order to identify candidate genes involved in mediating NO signaling during the cell death process we set up a screening strategy taking advantage of this facility. We fumigated a fast neutron mutant collection of Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia plants and are currently fumigating an EMS mutant collection of Arabidopsis thaliana Landsberg erecta plants. Our first screening showed that this setting was successful for the identification of mutants with an altered response to the NO treatment. We could identify 30 mutant plants (0,35%), among which 15 could be successfully propagated and 10 of them were confirmed as more resistant to NO compared to wild type plants in the following generation. Interestingly among them a candidate showing complete NO resistance as well as an altered growth phenotype was identified and is being further characterized

Molecular detection assay of the bud mite Trisetacus juniperinus on Cupressus sempervirens in nurseries of central Italy

Trisetacus juniperinus (Nalepa) sensu Keifer (Acari: Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae) causes irregular development of buds, shoot deformations and stunted growth of trees, resulting in a serious threat to nurseries and young stands of Cupressus sempervirens L. (Mediterranean cypress). Recently, some cypress clones selected for their resistance to the fungal canker agent Seiridium cardinale (Wag.) have shown high susceptibility to the mite. Considering its tiny body, its hidden lifestyle inside the buds and the probable occurrence of other species (the vagrant Epitrimerus cupressi (Keifer) is common on the Mediterranean cypress in Italy), detection and monitoring of T. juniperinus require taxonomic expertise and are often time-consuming and challenging before serious damage is discernible. In the present study, a rapid, cost-effective PCR-based method was developed and validated to detect T. juniperinus on cypresses. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was amplified with degenerate and specific primers, but the latter were the only ones able to discriminate between T. juniperinus and E. cupressi. PCR products distinguished the two species both in a pool of individuals in a mixed population of both species and in single individuals, indicating the sensitivity of the detection method. PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) by means of XmnI and XbaI endonucleases separated the two species. Furthermore, a washing-sieving protocol was used to make mite collection from the tree sample faster and simpler; this procedure did not interfere with the molecular detection of the species. The possibility of the routine use of this assay to monitor quarantine eriophyoids infesting plant material is discussed

cGMP signaling in plant-pathogen interactions.

Description of the role of cGMP in Arabidopsis thaliana during the hypersensitive respons

Influences of Wolbachia (Rickettsiales Rickettsiaceae) on the cellular response to cold streb in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera Drosophilidae)

Wolbachia pipiensis (Hertig et Wolbach, 1924) is known to manipulate the exprebion of genes implicated in the metabolism, immunity and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830). Under streb, cells activate the cellular streb response (CSR). The CSR is a conserved network of pathways regulating identification, check and response to streb, preserving the cellular homeostasis. The CSR involves the unfolded protein response, autophagy, the heat shock response and other subcellular pathways. How Wolbachia affects the CSR has not yet been investigated. Here, we report the influence of Wolbachia infection and cold streb on the exprebion of the Heat-shock-protein-70Aa (Hsp70Aa), Autophagy-related gene-1 (Atg1) and X box binding protein-1 (Xbp1) genes and the influence of cold streb on the Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp). The Hsp70Aa, Atg1, and Xbp1 genes were affected by Wolbachia infection since they were found to be up-regulated in the Wolbachia-free flies. After cold streb, the Wolbachia-infected flies showed high exprebion of the Atg1 and Hsp70Aa genes in comparison to the Wolbachia-free flies. Moreover, cold streb negatively influenced the exprebion of the wsp gene