Extreme weights in Steinhaus triangles

Let {0=w0<w1<w2<…<wm0=w0<w1<w2<…<wm} be the set of weights of binary Steinhaus triangles of size n , and let Wibe the set of sequences in F2n that generate triangles of weight wi. In this paper we obtain the values of wi and the corresponding sets Wi for i¿{2,3,m}i¿{2,3,m}, and partial results for i=m-1i=m-1.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Proposal for an Integrated Raman-free Correlated Photon Source

We propose a dual-pump third-order nonlinear scheme for producing pairs of correlated photons that is less susceptible to Raman noise than typical spontaneous four wave mixing methods (SFWM). Beginning with the full multimode Hamiltonian we derive a general expression for the joint spectral amplitude, from which the probability of producing a pair of photons can be calculated. As an example, we demonstrate that a probability of 0.028 pairs per pulse can be achieved in an appropriately designed fused silica microfiber. As compared with single pump SFWM in standard fiber, we calculate that our process shows significant suppression of the spontaneous Raman scattering and an improvement in the signal to noise ratio.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures (two containing 2 subfigures

PPARγ and LXR Signaling Inhibit Dendritic Cell-Mediated HIV-1 Capture and trans-Infection

Dendritic cells (DCs) contribute to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission and dissemination by capturing and transporting infectious virus from the mucosa to draining lymph nodes, and transferring these virus particles to CD4+ T cells with high efficiency. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced maturation of DCs enhances their ability to mediate trans-infection of T cells and their ability to migrate from the site of infection. Because TLR-induced maturation can be inhibited by nuclear receptor (NR) signaling, we hypothesized that ligand-activated NRs could repress DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission and dissemination. Here, we show that ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and liver X receptor (LXR) prevented proinflammatory cytokine production by DCs and inhibited DC migration in response to the chemokine CCL21 by preventing the TLR-induced upregulation of CCR7. Importantly, PPARγ and LXR signaling inhibited both immature and mature DC-mediated trans-infection by preventing the capture of HIV-1 by DCs independent of the viral envelope glycoprotein. PPARγ and LXR signaling induced cholesterol efflux from DCs and led to a decrease in DC-associated cholesterol, which has previously been shown to be required for DC capture of HIV-1. Finally, both cholesterol repletion and the targeted knockdown of the cholesterol transport protein ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) restored the ability of NR ligand treated cells to capture HIV-1 and transfer it to T cells. Our results suggest that PPARγ and LXR signaling up-regulate ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from DCs and that this accounts for the decreased ability of DCs to capture HIV-1. The ability of NR ligands to repress DC mediated trans-infection, inflammation, and DC migration underscores their potential therapeutic value in inhibiting HIV-1 mucosal transmission. Author SummaryHeterosexual transmission is the primary mode of HIV transmission worldwide. In the absence of an effective vaccine, there is an increasing demand for the development of effective microbicides that block HIV sexual transmission. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in HIV transmission by efficiently binding virus particles, migrating to lymph nodes, and transmitting them to CD4+ T cells, a process called trans-infection. In addition, DCs secrete proinflammatory cytokines that create a favorable environment for virus replication. DC maturation by pathogen-encoded TLR ligands or proinflammatory cytokines dramatically increases their capacity to capture HIV, migrate to lymphoid tissue, and trans-infect T cells. Here, we report that signaling through the nuclear receptors PPARγ and LXR prevents DC maturation and proinflammatory cytokine production, as well as migration. In addition, PPARγ and LXR signaling prevents efficient DC capture and transfer of infectious HIV by increasing ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Our studies suggest that PPARγ and LXR may be targets for drugs that can inhibit specific aspects of HIV mucosal transmission, namely inflammation, migration, and virus capture and transfer. These findings provide a rationale for considering PPARγ and LXR agonists as potential combination therapies with conventional anti-viral microbicides that target other aspects of mucosal HIV transmission.National Institutes of Health (AI073149, AI064099, T32-AI07309, T32-AI0764206, F32-AI084558

Memòria i invenció: les dues riberes

Este artículo presenta un relato de una trayectoria educativa, desde la escuela hasta la universidad. Constituye un ejercicio autobiográfico donde la autora ensaya libremente unas reflexiones teórico-educativas mezclando recuerdos, algunas lecturas y experiencias diversas. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cet article présente le récit d’une trajectoire éducative, depuis l’école jusqu’à l’université. Il constitue une sorte d’exercice autobiographique dans lequel l’auteur s’essaie librement à des réflexions théorico-éducatives où il mêle souvenirs, lectures et expériences diverses.This article tells the author’s story of her education from school to university. It is an exercise in autobiography in which the author discusses her own thoughts on questions of education theory combining this with her own memories, readings and a range of varied experiences.Este artículo presenta un relato de una trayectoria educativa, desde la escuela hasta la universidad. Constituye un ejercicio autobiográfico donde la autora ensaya libremente unas reflexiones teórico-educativas mezclando recuerdos, algunas lecturas y experiencias diversas

Notes d'un paleògraf a propòsit del matritensis 9750 de la Biblioteca Nacional (Curial e Güelfa)

The thesis of Jaume Riera i Sans (1991), pretending that the text of the novel Curial e Giielfa contained in this ms. of Madrid's national Library was a modern forgery, kindled a lively controversy. After a thorough study of the handwriting, with special reference to the capital letters, Prof. Gimeno's reaches the conclusion that without the slighest possible doubt this ms. was written during the xvth century

El manuscrit II-3096 (olim 2.L1.1) de la Biblioteca del Palacio Real

The author proposes a reconstruction of the structure of this manuscript, made up by the factitious union of two miscellaneous volumes. The manuscript was already described by Massó i Torrents, Round, Blüher, Jorgensen Concheff and Martínez Romero