Cultivar Variation for Capsaicinoid Content in some Processed Products of Chilli

Determination of capsaicinoids content in various products from seven chilli cultivars was made. Capsaicin, the major element among capsaicinoids, is found primarily in the fruit of Capsicum to which it provides spicy flavor. Extraction of capsaicin in the present study was done using acetonitrile as the solvent, and High Performance Liquid Chromatography was used for its quantification. Whole dried-fruits of 'Bhut Red' (Capsicum chinense) showed the highest concentration of capsaicin (2.59%) and level of pungency (4,40,000 SHU), whereas, salted mash of 'Lemon Drop' (Capsicum baccatum) had the lowest capsaicin concentration (0.07%) and pungency level (12,000 SHU). As capsaicinoids are important in food and pharmaceutical industries, developing products from selected cultivars of chilli with high pungency and high capsaicinoid content will prove useful in order to ensuring health security

Fauna Ikan Siluriformes Dari Sungai Serayu, Banjaran, Dan Tajum Di Kabupaten Banyumas

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Most of the order Siluriformes live in river, this the fish has various morphology diversities. This study was conducted to determine the morphology variations, species richness, and abundance of the order Siluriformes in Serayu, Banjaran, and Tajum River in Banyumas. The research method used explorative survey while the sample drawing used random sampling method, then the data were analyzed descriptively. The species of Siluriformes that were collected from three rivers belong to family Bagridae (seven species); Clariidae (one species), and Sisoridae (one species). The morphology characters that can be used to differentiate the Siluriformes member are the presence of adipose fin; the ratio of the length of adipose and anal fin; the shape and size of burble; and the shape of caudal fin. Generally, the existence os Mystus nigriceps is more abundant than six other species

ICHTYOFAUNA AT CIJALU RIVER, CILACAP REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Cijalu River is located in Western Cilacap Regency of Central Java Province. The river runs through forestry, housing and farming areas. This condition leads to a prediction that the river has been altered on its physico-chemical characteristics causing the river to be inhabited by a variety of fish species. This study aimed to collect data about fish species inhabiting Cijalu River and its distribution. A survey method has been done with clustered random sampling technique. The river was divided into three different areas, i.e. upper-, middle- and downstreams. Species diversitywas measured as the number of species, while distribution was measured as the presentation of fish species in each site. Nineteen fish species of 10 families were identified from Cijalu River. The 10 families were Anabantidae, Bagridae, Balitoridae, Channidae, Cichlidae, Cyprinidae, Loricariidae, Osphronemidae, Poecilidae and Sisoridae. Cyprinidae was the family having the highest number of species (6 species), followed by Bagridae (3 species), Channidae (2 species) and Osphronemidae (2 species). The remaining respective families were represented by one species. A complex pattern of fish distribution was observed during the study. Glyptothorax platypogon and Channa gacua were only found at the upper-streams, while Anabas testudineus was obtained in downstreams. The other remaining species could be observed either from the middle-to downstreams, or even from upper- to downstreams. Different pattern of species distribution could be caused by physico-chemical characteristics variation from upper to lower parts of the river, especiallywater velocity and substrate types.Keywords: Cijalu River, distribution, diversity, fis

Diversitas Ikan Di Sungai Cijalu: Upaya Menuju Laboratorium Taksonomi Hewan Sebagai Pusat Informasi Keragaman Ikan Air Tawar Banyumas

Sungai Cijalu bersama dengan Sungai Cileumeuh dan Sungai Cikawing adalah sungai yang cukup besar di wilayah Kabupaten Cilacap bagian Barat. Sungai tersebut melintasi sebagian wilayah Kecamatan Majenang dan Kecamatan Cimanggu Kabupaten Cilacap. Sungai Cijalu dari hulu ke hilir melewati berbagi tipe habitat mulai dari daerah hutan pinus dan jati, pemukiman penduduk, dan areal pertanian. Kondisi tersebut memunculkan dugaan bahwa Sungai Cijalu dihuni oleh berbagai spesies ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data mengenai diversitas ikan (checklist) di Sungai Cijalu Kabupaten Cilacap dan mengetahui karakter fisik-kimiawi perairan di Sungai Cijalu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey dengan teknik pengambilan sampel clustered random sampling. Sungai dibagi menjadi tiga daerah yaitu hulu, tengah, dan hilir. Variabel yang diamalti meliputi jumlah jenis, jumlah individu tiap jenis dan parameter fisik dan kimiawi perairan. Selama penelitian ditemukan ikan sebanvak 19 spesies yang tercakup di dalarn 11 familia yaitu Anabantidae (1 spesies), Bagridae (4 spesies), Balitoridae (1 spesies), Belontiidae (1 spesies), Channidae (2 spesies), Cichlidae (1 spesies), Cyprinidae (6 spesies), Loricariidae (1 spesies), Osphronemidae (1 spesies), Poecilidae (1 spesies) dan Sisoridae (1 spesies). Di antara 11 familia tersebut, familia Cyprinidae memiliki jumlah sepesies paling banyak yaitu 6 spesies diikuti oleh familia Bagridae dan Channidae, dengan masing-masing memiliki empat dan dua species. Kedelapan familia lainnya masingmasing hanya memiliki satu spesies. Species yang cukup melimpah adalah Mystus gulio, Osteochilus vittatus, Puntius binottaus, Glyptothorax platypogon, Hyposarcus pardalis dan Nemacheilus fasciatus. H. Pardalis cukup melimpah di bagian tengah sungai. Kondisi fisikkimiawi perairan di Sungai Cijalu masing cukup baik untuk mendukung kehidupan ikan

Numerical Investigation of the Fractional Oscillation Equations under the Context of Variable Order Caputo Fractional Derivative via Fractional Order Bernstein Wavelets

This article describes an approximation technique based on fractional order Bernstein wavelets for the numerical simulations of fractional oscillation equations under variable order, and the fractional order Bernstein wavelets are derived by means of fractional Bernstein polynomials. The oscillation equation describes electrical circuits and exhibits a wide range of nonlinear dynamical behaviors. The proposed variable order model is of current interest in a lot of application areas in engineering and applied sciences. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of the fractional force-free and forced oscillation equations under the variable-order fractional operator. The basic idea behind using the approximation technique is that it converts the proposed model into non-linear algebraic equations with the help of collocation nodes for easy computation. Different cases of the proposed model are examined under the selected variable order parameters for the first time in order to show the precision and performance of the mentioned scheme. The dynamic behavior and results are presented via tables and graphs to ensure the validity of the mentioned scheme. Further, the behavior of the obtained solutions for the variable order is also depicted. From the calculated results, it is observed that the mentioned scheme is extremely simple and efficient for examining the behavior of nonlinear random (constant or variable) order fractional models occurring in engineering and science.Comment: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is published Open Access in 'Mathematics' at [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11112503

Fish Diversity At Cileumeuh River In District Of Majenang, Cilacap Regency, Central Java [Diversitas Ikan di Sungai Cileumeuh Kecamatan Majenang, Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah]

Cileumeuh River is one of the large rivers in Western Cilacap Regency, Central Java. This river, from its upper reaches to its mouth runs through forest, farming, and housing areas. This condition leads to the prediction that the Cileumeuh River has altered its physic-chemical characteristics which led to be its being inhabited by diverse fish species. This study aims to collect data about fish species that inhabit Cileumeuh River. The survey method used was to cluster random sampling according to upper, middle, and lower parts of the river. The observed variables were number of species and abundance. During the survey a total number of 288 fish individuals were collected. Identification placed the samples into 22 species and 10 families. The obtained families were Clariidae, Loricariidae, Bagridae, Cichlidae, Synbranch-idae, Channidae, Belontiidae, Anabantidae, Cyprinidae, and Poeciliidae. Among ten families, Cyprinidae had the highest number of species (ten species) and followed by Bagridae with five species. The other eight families each have one species. High number of species and families has confirms that the Cileumeuh River has high fish diversity