ENERGY VALORIZATION OF OLIVE WASTE WATER, THEIR SLUDGE AND TREATMENT BY METHANE PRODUCTION

The anaerobic digestion of oil wastes water and the sludges of their treatment is a biological process that allows the production of energy in the form of biogas. Our study is based on the comparison of the methanogenic capacity between the biogas of the oil wastes water and the sludges of their treatment.Olive wastes water were previously treated by electrocoagulation and adsorption in optimal conditions. The sludge generated by the various treatments, estimated at 50 g/L of oil wastes water, is in turn treated by anaerobic digestion.The production of methane from the two wastes is accompanied by the reduction of their pollutant load evaluated in non-biodegradable organic matter, polyphenols and fat respectively by 39 %, 45 % and 39 % for sludge of oil wastes water and 36 %, 31 % and 39 % for oil waste water; a total yield of pollutant load of oil waste water from about 75 % to 78 %. The total amount of methane produced for 30 days and 49 days respectively by olive mill wastewater and their treatment sludge is 300.7 cm3/L and 889.9 cm3/L is an energy equivalent of 2.92 Wh/L and 8.72 Wh/L.The use of the anaerobic digestion process of oil wastes water treatment sludge is efficient and cost-effective for biogas production while eliminating their harmful effects on the environment.

IMPACT ANTHROPIQUE SUR LA QUALITE DES EAUX SOUTERRAINES DU BASSIN VERSANT DE L’OUED TAZA (MAROC) ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE WATERSHED OF OUED TAZA (MOROCCO)

The main objective of this work is to determine the status of the groundwater quality in the watershed of Taza river, based primarily on physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters of groundwater. The Oued Taza is a small mountain river, 13.44 Km long, which drains a watershed of 40.07 km ². The outlet located at an altitude of 420 m corresponds to the confluence with the Oued Iarbaa. The average annual rainfall varies between 352 mm and 719mm while the annual average temperature is 18.1 ° C. Very high concentrations of nitrates, nitrites, heavy metals and bacterial load in some points near urban areas, illustrate the effect of human activities on degradation of water quality. This contamination could have several causes, the most important are related to household and industrial discharges (especially waters) spilled without any treatment in the rivers, and the use of fertilizers in agricultural areas. These results will enrich the database on water quality in the basin, and help policy makers to better decide on the management of water resources for a better sustainable development of the regio

Identification of the quality of surface waters in the city of Fez by the SEQ-GIS approach and analysis of variance

In Morocco, water resource conservation has become a priority, due to the diversity of potential sources of its pollution.To date, the city of Fez is experiencing dynamic industrial, artisanal and large farming with extensive use of toxic chemicals, part of which is carried by the water nearby in oueds or infiltrated by the soil into groundwater. This threatens ominously and alarming environmental and man.The objective of this study is, firstly, to identify the most polluted areas near polluting industries estimated the city of Fez, and secondly, know their impact on the quality of surface waters in the city of Fez. For this, we performed a thorough diagnosis of the activities of all industrial areas of the city to determine the points of water samples to identify their quality. Next, we performed a spatiotemporal monitoring of the quality of these waters for 3 months of 2017 by the SEQ-GIS approach and statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA). The diagnostic results show that the city of Fez consists of five main business areas of variables and different activities: Ain Nokbi, Sidi Boujida, Dokkarat, Bensouda and Sidi Brahim.Oueds through the raised areas are respectively Oued Tghat, Oued Zhoun, Oued Fez upstream Oued Ain Smen and Oued Lmahraz and are characterized by strong organic fillers, mineral, metal and fecal contamination.The most polluted oueds are located in the oued downstream Fez (Tghat and Zhoun) mainly to industrial districts Ain Nokbi (S1) and Sidi Boujida (S2). The evaluation of their quality by coupling techniques Evaluation Systems Quality (SEQ) and Geographical Information (GIS) and ANOVA statistical analysis reveals that they are of very poor quality

Effects of sludge compost as an amendment on the morphological responses and on production parameters of radish and potato

The elimination of sewage sludge is one of the current environmental problems; their valorisation appears as a matter of organization and optimization of the techniques of their management or elimination can play the role of organic fertilizer because of their richness of organic matter and mineral compounds.This study examines the use of sludge compost elaborated as a fertilizer and compares it with compost without sludge, Manure (traditional input) and bare soil (no input). We studied the impact of these fertilizers on the soil (before and after cultivation), on the parameters of vegetative growth (morphological) and on the parameters of production. The application test was carried out on two crops: radishes and potatoes.The obtained results showed a significant increase in vegetative growth and production levels compared to bare soil (without input) and manure. For the physicochemical characterizations studied of the soil before and after the planting of the culture tested, the results show that the compost has an effect on soil

Agronomic valorization of the composts with olive waste

In the Mediterranean countries, olive waste, a co-product of the olive oil trituration process, presents a serious environmental problem because of their polyphenol charge, given the quantities rejected each year. In previous works, this waste has been co-composted with other substrates and has been transformed into non-phytotoxic substances in conformity with the French standard NFU44-051 due to their composition in nutritional elements like soluble sugars, proteins and mineral elements. This study examines the efficacy of these substances on radish and potato crops. To do this, seeds were sown on the plot. For each crop, 4 plots were planned: land amended with manure (M), NPK fertilizer (F), the vegetable water substance (VW) and the olive-pomace substance (OP) in addition to the vegetable water. The first three substances served as controls. A statistical study of correlation between the latter and those that characterize the soil after amendment was carried out.  The obtained results showed that there are two strong correlations between pH, organic matter, dry matter and soil moisture amended by the OW compost and, on the one hand, the morphological growth parameters of the two crops and, on the other hand, the parameters of their production

Nouvelles observations dans le dépocentre volcano-sédimentaire carbonifère du Massif du Tazekka, Moyen-Atlas, Maroc : implications sur l'évolution géodynamique de la chaîne Hercynienne

A análise integrada das estruturas tectónicas e das fácies do Complexo Vulcano Sedimentar do Maciço de Tazekka sugere que este, à escala da grande bacia carbonífera de ante país da Meseta Oriental marroquina, corresponde a um depocentro ou sub bacia em compressão controlada pela propagação, para NW, de dobras de amortecimento do cavalgamento de Hajra Sbaa el Caid. As sequências tectono sedimentares, detrito conglomeráticas e/ou tufíticas, estão associadas a um magmatismo extrusivo com basaltos, andesitos, dacitos, riodacitos e riólitos homogéneos ou piroclásticos com blocos re sedimentados. Estes vulcanitos correspondem a uma sequência sub alcalina equivalente. As sequências calco alcalinas orogénicas características de ambientes de subducção. Estes resultados, assim como a comparação das idades de contracção regional na Meseta marroquina, permitem integrar o Maciço de Tazekka num contexto de wedge top deepzone dum sistema de bacias de ante país flexural, em compressão comandada pela progressão de duas sequências de cavalgamentos prógrados, de NW, desde o Fameno Tournaisiano ao Viseano sup. Terminal Westfaliano inf., da Meseta Oriental para a Meseta Ocidental, em Marrocos setentrional

The impact of chronic exposure on the Dokkarat district population of Fez city to endocrine disrupting chemicals

 In Morocco, the industrial revolution and agricultural activities are contributing to the increase of water pollution, leading to possibility to the appearance of serious diseases of endocrine origin. The objective of this study is to focus on the impact of industrial pollution in the Dokkarat district of the Fez city on the appearance of some endocrine diseases in the adjacent population and equally important on the waters upstream from Oued Fez. The results of the diagnosis show that the Dokkarat district includes several modern tanneries and other food industries that use chemicals identified as toxically. The physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of Oued Fez water downstream from the industries diagnosed, displays that they are slightly basic, carring a high bacterial load, a mineral and organic load in the surface water quality standards, a metallic charge at the limit of the standards with the exception of arsenic. The statistical analysis of the survey data recorded the presence of six endocrine diseases (diabetes, neurological disorders, hormonal imbalance, obesity, thyroid and growth disorders) and a strong correlation between age, years of experience, length of exposure and occurrence of endocrine pathological signs.                                                                                                    

Low intra-crystalline closure temperatures of Cr-bearing spinels from the mantle xenoliths of the Middle Atlas Neogene-Quaternary Volcanic Field (Morocco): A mineralogical evidence of a cooler mantle beneath the West African Craton

The crystal chemistry of nine Cr-spinels from lherzolite and harzburgite xenoliths from the Middle Atlas Neogene-Quaternary Volcanic Field of Morocco have been studied by means of X-ray single crystal diffraction and electron microprobe analyses. Cell edges are usually within the range 8.13-8.14 \uc5, but there are three samples with longer a value, so that the whole analyzed series is within the range 8.1334 (4) \u2013 8.2021 (2) \uc5, while the oxygen positional parameter values are very similar ranging between 0.2626 (1) and 0.2629 (2) for all of them. The cation distribution shows that the crystal structure is ordered with almost all divalent cations in the tetrahedral site and trivalent cations in the octahedral site. The determined intracrystalline temperatures are in the range 550-750\ub0C, that are the lowest values ever found for Cr-spinels from mantle xenoliths as these are usually higher than 730\ub0C. If we consider the behavior of some geotherms from literature, the determined temperatures are confined in a depth range of about 20-40 Km. Lithospheric models for the studied area indicate that the lower crust reaches its deepest value in a range between 30 and 40 Km. Consequently, we can assume that the studied xenoliths were emplaced at a \u201cshallow\u201d depth of about 20-30 Km, just beneath the lower crust, where they were disrupted and brought to the surface from the ascending alkaline lavas. This assumption is consistent with the concomitant presence of some crustal xenolith