239 research outputs found
Variation in Attraction to Host Plant Odors in an Invasive Moth Has a Genetic Basis and is Genetically Negatively Correlated with Fecundity
Lepidopteran insects are major pests of agricultural crops, and mated female moths exploit plant volatiles to locate suitable hosts for oviposition. We investigated the heritability of odor-guided host location behavior and fecundity in the cosmopolitan oriental fruit moth Grapholita (Cydia) molesta, an oligophagous herbivore that attacks fruit trees. We used a full-sib/half-sib approach to estimate the heritability and the genetic correlation between these two traits. Results document a considerable genetic basis for olfactory attraction of females (h 2 =0.37±0.17) and their fecundity (h 2 =0.32±0.13), as well as a genetic trade-off between female attraction and fecundity (r g =−0.85±0.21). These estimations were empirically corroborated by comparing two strains maintained in the laboratory for different numbers of generations. The long-term reared strain lost its olfactory discrimination ability but achieved significantly higher fecundity compared with the short-term reared strain. Our results highlight that genetic studies are relevant for understanding the evolution of odor-guided behavior in herbivore insects and for judging the promise of pest management strategies involving behavioral manipulation with plant volatile
The X-Gamma Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) onboard THESEUS
A compact and modular X and gamma-ray imaging spectrometer (XGIS) has been
designed as one of the instruments foreseen on-board the THESEUS mission
proposed in response to the ESA M5 call. The experiment envisages the use of
CsI scintillator bars read out at both ends by single-cell 25 mm 2 Silicon
Drift Detectors. Events absorbed in the Silicon layer (lower energy X rays) and
events absorbed in the scintillator crystal (higher energy X rays and
Gamma-rays) are discriminated using the on-board electronics. A coded mask
provides imaging capabilities at low energies, thus allowing a compact and
sensitive instrument in a wide energy band (~2 keV up to ~20 MeV). The
instrument design, expected performance and the characterization performed on a
series of laboratory prototypes are discussed.Comment: To be published in the Proceedings of the THESEUS Workshop 2017
(http://www.isdc.unige.ch/theseus/workshop2017.html), Journal of the Italian
Astronomical Society (Mem.SAIt), Editors L. Amati, E. Bozzo, M. Della Valle,
D. Gotz, P. O'Brien. Details on the THESEUS mission concept can be found in
the white paper Amati et al. 2017 (arXiv:171004638) and Stratta et al. 2017
(arXiv:1712.08153
Strengthening of Wood-like Materials via Densification and Nanoparticle Intercalation
Recently, several chemical and physical treatments were developed to improve different properties of wood. Such treatments are applicable to many types of cellulose-based materials. Densification leads the group in terms of mechanical results and comprises a chemical treatment followed by a thermo-compression stage. First, chemicals selectively etch the matrix of lignin and hemicellulose. Then, thermo-compression increases the packing density of cellulose microfibrils boosting mechanical performance. In this paper, in comparison with the state-of-the-art for wood treatments we introduce an additional nano-reinforcemeent on densified giant reed to further improve the mechanical performance. The modified nanocomposite materials are stiffer, stronger, tougher and show higher fire resistance. After the addition of nanoparticles, no relevant structural modification is induced as they are located in the gaps between cellulose microfibrils. Their peculiar positioning could increase the interfacial adhesion energy and improve the stress transfer between cellulose microfibrils. The presented process stands as a viable solution to introduce nanoparticles as new functionalities into cellulose-based natural materials
Introduction : translingual work.
This issue both reflects and builds on the efforts prompted by the 2011 College English essay “Language Difference in Writing: Toward a Translingual Approach,” by Bruce Horner, Min-Zhan Lu, Jacqueline Jones Royster, and John Trimbur. Contributions to this symposium contextualize the emergence of a translingual approach, explore the tension and interconnections between a translingual approach and a variety of fields, and explore the viability of a translingual approach in light of existing academic structures
Development and tests of a new prototype detector for the XAFS beamline at Elettra Synchrotron in Trieste
The XAFS beamline at Elettra Synchrotron in Trieste combines X-ray absorption
spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to provide chemically specific structural
information of materials. It operates in the energy range 2.4-27 keV by using a
silicon double reflection Bragg monochromator. The fluorescence measurement is
performed in place of the absorption spectroscopy when the sample transparency
is too low for transmission measurements or the element to study is too diluted
in the sample. We report on the development and on the preliminary tests of a
new prototype detector based on Silicon Drift Detectors technology and the
SIRIO ultra low noise front-end ASIC. The new system will be able to reduce
drastically the time needed to perform fluorescence measurements, while keeping
a short dead time and maintaining an adequate energy resolution to perform
spectroscopy. The custom-made silicon sensor and the electronics are designed
specifically for the beamline requirements.Comment: Proceeding of the 6YRM 12th-14th Oct 2015 - L'Aquila (Italy).
Accepted for publication on Journal of Physics: Conference Serie
Chemoresistive Gas Sensor based on SiC Thick Film: Possible Distinctive Sensing Properties Between H2S and SO2☆
Commercially available nanosized powder of silicon carbide (named SiC), was thermally, morphologically and structurally characterized. After that, it was screen-printed onto alumina substrates in order to obtain thick films to be tested as functional material for conductometric gas sensors. Samples were exposed to SO2 and H2S, gases with high importance in many application fields, with the aim of verifying its capability of distinguishing between them. The characterization highlighted that this semiconductor type is selective for sulphur dioxide (SO2), in concentrations within the ppm range. This interesting result was found at high temperatures (600-800°C), useful for harsh environmental, and the measurements proved to be completely free from humidity interference. Applications of such a sensor could span many fields, since SO2 plays an important role in air pollution, industrial processes and wine making monitoring
First results of a novel Silicon Drift Detector array designed for low energy X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
We developed a trapezoidal shaped matrix with 8 cells of Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) featuring a very low leakage current (below 180 pA/cm2 at 20 \ub0C) and a shallow uniformly implanted p+ entrance window that enables sensitivity down to few hundreds of eV. The matrix consists of a completely depleted volume of silicon wafer subdivided into 4 square cells and 4 half-size triangular cells. The energy resolution of a single square cell, readout by the ultra-low noise SIRIO charge sensitive preamplifier, is 158 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV and 0 \ub0C. The total sensitive area of the matrix is 231 mm2 and the wafer thickness is 450\u3bcm. The detector was developed in the frame of the INFN R&D project ReDSoX in collaboration with FBK, Trento. Its trapezoidal shape was chosen in order to optimize the detection geometry for the experimental requirements of low energy X-ray fluorescence (LEXRF) spectroscopy, aiming at achieving a large detection angle. We plan to exploit the complete detector at the TwinMic spectromicroscopy beamline at the Elettra Synchrotron (Trieste, Italy). The complete system, composed of 4 matrices, increases the solid angle coverage of the isotropic photoemission hemisphere about 4 times over the present detector configuration. We report on the layout of the SDD matrix and of the experimental set-up, as well as the spectroscopic performance measured both in the laboratory and at the experimental beamline. \ua9 2015 Elsevier B.V
- …