Differential regulation of iron chelator-induced IL-8 synthesis via MAP kinase and NF-κB in immortalized and malignant oral keratinocytes

Abstract Background Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a cytokine that plays an important role in tumor progression in a variety of cancer types; however, its regulation is not well understood in oral cancer cells. In the present study, we examined the expression and mechanism of IL-8 in which it is involved by treating immortalized (IHOK) and malignant human oral keratinocytes (HN12) cells with deferoxamine (DFO). Methods IL-8 production was measured by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays was used to determine NF-κB binding activity. Phosphorylation and degradation of the I-κB were analyized by Western blot. Results IHOK cells incubated with DFO showed increased expression of IL-8 mRNA, as well as higher release of the IL-8 protein. The up-regulation of DFO-induced IL-8 expression was higher in IHOK cells than in HN12 cells and was concentration-dependent. DFO acted additively with IL-1β to strongly up-regulate IL-8 in IHOK cells but not in HN12 cells. Accordingly, selective p38 and ERK1/2 inhibitors for both kinases abolished DFO-induced IL-8 expression in both IHOK and HN12 cells. Furthermore, DFO induced the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, and activation of NF-κB. The IL-8 inducing effects of DFO were mediated by a nitric oxide donor (S-nitrosoglutathione), and by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of NF-κB, as well as by wortmannin, which inhibits the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase. Conclusion This results demonstrate that DFO-induced IL-8 acts via multiple signaling pathways in immortalized and malignant oral keratinocytes, and that the control of IL-8 may be an important target for immunotheraphy against human oral premalignant lesions.</p

Designing graphene based nanofoams with nonlinear auxetic and anisotropic mechanical properties under tension or compression

N.M.P. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC StG Ideas 2011 BIHSNAM n. 279985, ERC PoC 2015 SILKENE nr. 693670) and by the European Commission under the Graphene Flagship (WP14 “Polymer composites”, no. 696656). S.T and G.G. acknowledge funding from this last grant

Comment letters to the National Commission on Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting, 1987 (Treadway Commission) Vol. 1

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_sop/1661/thumbnail.jp

[Letter with enclosure from Clara M. Becton to Dr. Meyer Bodansky - December 11, 1938]

Letter from Miss Clara M. Becton to Dr. Meyer Bodansky with an enclosed letter explaining the problems and new directions of the A.S.M.T

[Correspondence between Clara M. Becton and Meyer Bodansky - December 1938]

Letters between Clara M. Becton and Dr. Meyer Bodansky regarding the address of the Texas State Society of Medical Technologists and a new journal

A Second Chance: Employers’ Perspectives in Hiring Individuals in Addiction Recovery

There is a constant debate that employers are not adequately prepared to hire individuals in addiction recovery for a number of reasons. Literature suggests lack of awareness, knowledge, and skills necessary to interact with individuals in addiction recovery as common factors impacting employment outcomes. The purpose of the study was to use open-ended questions to examine employer perspectives toward hiring individuals in addiction recovery. Furthermore, the authors examined gender, business industry, and employer profession to identify any common factors between groups. Major themes in the study included employability, available supports and resources for business owners, influence of societal biases, and concerns related to applicants in recovery well-being. Although the findings suggests, the initial willingness to hire individuals in addiction recovery tends to be low among employers, other findings indicate with appropriate training and resources, employers may be susceptible to hire individuals in addiction recovery. The type of drug, length of recovery, and support of the person in recovery, when disclosed, appears to have a positive effect on employers’ willingness to hire. Implications for research and practice are discussed

Comparing the Police and Citizen Views On Biased Policing

Bias‐based policing is an issue that police departments all over the country are addressing. While police engage the public in many ways, traffic stops are possibly the most common way. This research project sought to broaden the approach to assessing bias‐based policing beyond traffic stop data by surveying the officers and the citizens to compare the views of both of these groups. Our research found interesting comparisons that we discuss in this paper. These issues between the two groups are important to resolving the issues associated with bias‐based policing