Determinants of manual control of water hyacinth expansion over the Lake Tana, Ethiopia

Water hyacinth is an exotic freshwater weed damaging wetland resources over the Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia. Different measures, including manual labour and harvesting machinery are in use to reduce its damage and expansion. Yet, the invasion of the weed appears expanding its scope across the wetlands of the Lake. This paper presented the study made to identify determinant factors affecting manual control of water hyacinth expansion over the Lake wetlands. It tried to analyse the expansion trend of the water hyacinth and community efforts to control its extension. Data were gathered from questionnaire surveys, group discussions, interviews and field observations. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. The study revealed that the water hyacinth cover in the Lake’s wetland increased from ≤10, 000 ha in 2011 to over 50, 000 ha in 2017. Wetland terrain, water depth, food availability, farming time, employment and government support were found significantly influencing the manual control practices of households. Hence, government support must increase to motivate people involvement in manual weed removal campaigns. Micro-relief maps and floating boats need be readily available to help participants easily identify risky terrains and expand the physical weed removal into the deeper waters.Key Words: Water hyacinth, Invasive weeds, Manual control, Wetlands, Lake Tana, Ethiopi

What are the threats from antimicrobial resistance for maternity units in low- and middle- income countries?

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Notes: Constitutionalism

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Notes: The Ideal Process in the Ethiopian Criminal Procedure; Good Governance; Jurisprudence: Natural Law

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Rate of Beta-Lactam Resistance and Epidemiological Features of S. Aureus-Associated Bovine Mastitis in Cross-Bred Ethiopian Cows: Systematic Review

Melkie Dagnaw,1 Marshet Bazezew,2 Bemrew Mengistu,3 Birhan Anagaw,4 Atsede Solomon Mebratu5 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 4Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 5Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Melkie Dagnaw, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, P.O.box 196, Tel +251904573289, Email [email protected]: Dairy cows get mastitis from a common infection called Staphylococcus aureus. Because of its broad distribution across diverse populations and capacity to acquire antibiotic resistance, this particular bacterial strain presents a serious threat to public health. The main goals of this study were to determine the beta-lactam resistance profile of S. aureus in Ethiopian dairy cows and to offer thorough epidemiological data.Methods: We employed manual searches, Web of Science, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar HINARI for electronic bibliographic data.Results: Twenty-six epidemiological studies were included in this systematic review. Of these studies, 12 articles in Oromia, 4 articles in Addis Ababa, 4 articles in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s (SNNPRS), 3 articles in Tigray, and 3 articles in Amhara region. The average prevalence S. aureus were 34.3% in Oromia, 40.2% in Amhara, 39.5 in AA, 40% in Tigray and 21% in SNNPRS. The antimicrobial resistance rate of S. aureus, specifically in relation to beta-lactam drugs, exhibited an average estimation. Notably, penicillin resistance reached a rate of 75%, while amoxicillin resistance stood at 67%. Furthermore, it was determined that, when treating S. aureus, the resistance rates to ampicillin and cephalosporin were 50% and 57%, respectively.Conclusion: The results of this analysis have demonstrated a considerable rise in S. aureus prevalence and beta-lactam resistance within the Ethiopian geographic environment. This emphasizes the critical need for alternate therapeutic approaches and preventative measures in order to successfully lessen the disease’s extensive spread and detrimental effects across the nation.Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, beta-lactam, bovine mastitis, S. aureus, systematic review, veterinary epidemiolog