Influence of the rootstock and potassium fertilizer on phytoalexin synthesis in Pinot blanc grown in a calcareous soil

Plants of cv. Pinot blanc, grafted on Vitis berlandieri x V. riparia Kober 5 BB, V. berlandieri x V. riparia SO 4, V. berlandieri x V. rupestris 1103 P, were grown in pots at two levels of potassium supply (0 g K2O/pot and 2 g K2O/pot) in order to test the phytoalexin synthesis in the leaves. The experimental plan included also the macronutrient, trace element and chlorophyll contents of the leaves. The most important findings are: a) Resveratrol synthesis decreases from Kober 5 BB to SO 4 and 1103 P, while leaf chlorophyll content increases. b) Resveratrol synthesis is higher in the plants without potassium supply

Physiological aspects of lime-induced chlorosis in some Vitis species. 2. Genotype response to stress conditions

Research NoteOne-year-old cuttings from 7 Vitis species (V. amurensis Rupr., V. berlandieri Planch., V. californica Bentham, V. cinerea Engelm., V. longii Prince, V. monticola Buckl., V. riparia Michx.) were grown in pots containing non-calcareous and calcareous soil. Leaves selected in the middle of the second year's growing season were assayed to test the iron concentration of the dry matter and the total iron uptake. The most significant findings of the trial were: a) shoot growth of V. amurensis, V. longii, V. monticola and V. riparia was strongly depressed by the calcareous soil; b) V. berlandieri and V. californica took up higher amounts of iron when growing in the calcareous soil; c) a high ash alkalinity occurred in chlorotic leaves of V. riparia compared to non-chlorotic leaves at the same iron concentration

Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on induced resveratrol synthesis in two grapevine genotypes

Research NoteOne-year-old grapevine cuttings of the interspecific hybrid Castor and V. vinifera L. cv. Bacchus were grown in pots with 4 combined doses of nitrogen and potassium, in order to test their effect on the resveratrol synthesis of the leaves, after elicitation with mucic acid (0.01 %). The tests were performed on leaf discs, inside bio-assay dishes. The most significant findings were:  the fertilizer treatments had a higher effect on the resveratrol synthesis of Castor than in Bacchus;high potassium supply together with low nitrogen rate promoted the resveratrol synthesis of Castor;high potasium rates did not balance the negative effect of high nitrogen supply on resveratrol synthesis

Physiological aspects of lime-induced chlorosis in some Vitis species. I. Pot trial calareous soil

One-year-old cutting from eleven Vitis spp. (V. aestivalis Michx., V. amurensis Rupr., V. andersonii Rehder, V. arizonica Engelm., V. berlandieri Planch., V. californica Bentham, V. champini Plancch., V. cinerea Engelm., V. longii Prince, V. monticola Buckl., V. riparia Michx.) were grown in pot of a calcareous soil. Leaves selected in the middle of the annual growing season were assayed for total chlorophyll, macronutrients, oligo-element and ash alkalinity. At the end of the annual growing cycle the whole plants were analyzed for the iron concentration of the dry matter. The most significant findings were:V. berlandieri, V champini and V. cinerea ranked in the high tolerant group; V. arizonica, V. californica, V. longii and V. monticola in the tolerant group; V. aestivalis, V. amurensis, V. andersonii and V. riparia in the susceptible group;it is likely to exist two different mechanisms of tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis: an adaptive one for V. berlandieri and V. cinerea and a protective one for V. champin

Lime-induced chlorosis and physiological responses in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot blanc) leaves

Research Note

Constitutive stilbene contents of grapevine cluster stems as potential source of resveratrol in wine

Ripe clusters of 8 Vitis vinifera L. varieties (Cabernet franc, Gewürztraminer, Marzemino, Merlot, Moscato, Pinot gris, Sauvignon, Tocai friulano) were analysed to determine the constitutional levels of trans- and cis-resveratrol, ε-viniferin and pterostilbene. Grape stems were extracted by an hydroalcoholic solution, in order to simulate the resveratrol extraction from stems that might occur during alcoholic fermentation, due to the presence of little pieces of stems in the fermenting must. The average stem concentrations of constitutive trans-, cis-resveratrol and ε-viniferin were 142, 0.30, and 70 mu g.g-1 FW, respectively; pterostilbene was not found. Varieties differed significantly in their stilbene content. The percentage of trans-resveratrol extracted from the stems by a hydroalcoholic solution varied from 2.5 % (Gewürztraminer) to 32.9 % (Marzemino), the contribution of the stems to the trans-resveratrol concentration of the hydroalcoholic solution being, on the average, 34 mu g.l-1

In vitro method to screen grapevine genotypes for tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis

Herbaceous nodes of four grapevine genotypes with different tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis (V. berlandieri x V. rupestris 140 Ru; V. berlandieri x V. riparia SO 4; V, riparia MICH. Gloire de Montpellier; V. vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay) were cultured in vitro. The effects of three levels of FeNaEDTA (5, 15, 30 mg/l) and of four mixtures of iron and bicarbonate in the MS medium were compared and chlorosis rating, ferrous iron content of the leaves and fresh weight of the plantlets were assayed. The chlorosis rating of the tested genotypes ranked according to their known degree of tolerance/susceptibility to lime-induced chlorosis

Role of the variety and some environmental factors on grape stilbenes

V. vinifera L. 'Barbera', 'Croatina', 'Malvasia di Candia aromatica', growing in the Piacenza viticultural area (North-West Italy) at four elevations (150, 240, 320, 420 m a.s.l.), were tested at harvest for grape stilbene (trans-resveratrol, trans-piceid, cis-piceid) synthesis over three years (2000-2002). Meteorological data were recorded, as well as vine production and fruit quality parameters. The most significant findings were:trans-piceid was the most abundantly produced stilbene compound (103 μg·kg-1 berry FW), while trans-resveratrol was the least produced (57 μg·kg-1 berry FW);'Barbera' and 'Croatina' had similar trans-resveratrol berry levels (71 μg·kg-1 berry FW and 76 μg·kg-1 berry FW respectively), higher than 'Malvasia di Candia aromatica' (24 μg·kg-1 berry FW);'Barbera' had the highest trans-piceid and cis-piceid concentrations (235 and 136 μg·kg-1 berry FW, respectively) while 'Malvasia di Candia aromatica' had the lowest levels (13 and 1 μg·kg-1 berry FW, respectively);stilbenes increased with elevation up to 320 m, while decreasing at the highest altitude;the vintage year only significantly affected the cis-piceid berry concentration which was positively related to the relative humidity at the end of ripening, and negatively related to degree-days at the end of ripening.

Anthocyanin and aroma profiling of the 'Albarossa' grapevine crossbreed (Vitis vinifera L.) and its parent varieties 'Barbera' and 'Nebbiolo di Dronero'

V. vinifera L. 'Barbera', 'Nebbiolo di Dronero' and the crossbreed 'Albarossa', grown in Piedmont region, Italy, were characterized by the analysis of grape anthocyanins, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and aromatic compounds using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Five monomeric non-acylated anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-monoglucoside, cyanidin-3-monoglucoside, petunidin-3-monoglucoside, peonidin-3-monoglucoside, malvidin-3-monoglucoside, and the pool of acetic acid acylated anthocyanins and coumarate/caffeoate anthocyanins were detected, as well as the concentration of terpenes, norisoprenoids, alcohols and benzene compounds. Ratios between the different anthocyanin forms were used for varietal profiling, as well as ratios and concentrations of single or pooled aromatic compounds. 'Albarossa' had intermediate levels, between 'Barbera' and 'Nebbiolo di Dronero', of certain anthocyanins and aromas, due to the genetic relationships. &nbsp