Ways to open innovation: main agents and sources in the Portuguese case

Facing increasing open innovation trends, Portuguese enterprises are considering the related processes and impacts. Thus, this work aims to identify the sectors whose enterprises most engage in open innovation (such as cooperation on this issue) and which sources/agents are most used. This is analyzed by sector and type of innovation as an interesting way of differentiation for better open innovation strategy delineation. Using the data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS-2012), it first appraises the nature of the innovation process, either cooperative or firm-based, as the starting level of analysis. Then, it differentiates the results by sector illustrating which cooperation sources/agents are most used (scope) and relative intensity of use (scale). This is important to assess levels of openness and related factors. Results show that main innovating sectors in Portugal are of three types: research-based, knowledge-based and service-based. They reveal an increasing focus on knowledge and services, trends that have been leading to more active openness towards innovation. For instance, health and construction are increasing their openness for innovating and internationalizing processes. However, Portuguese innovation is still more firm-based (in-house) than cooperation-based, especially concerning new products' launching. This work and future analyzes around it can contribute to encourage the open innovation strategy in more sectors of the economy as an easy and effective way to cope with rapid trends and changes. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aspects of Two-Level Systems under External Time Dependent Fields

The dynamics of two-level systems in time-dependent backgrounds is under consideration. We present some new exact solutions in special backgrounds decaying in time. On the other hand, following ideas of Feynman, Vernon and Hellwarth, we discuss in detail the possibility to reduce the quantum dynamics to a classical Hamiltonian system. This, in particular, opens the possibility to directly apply powerful methods of classical mechanics (e.g. KAM methods) to study the quantum system. Following such an approach, we draw conclusions of relevance for ``quantum chaos'' when the external background is periodic or quasi-periodic in time.Comment: To appear in J. Phys. A. Mathematical and Genera

Multiple classical limits in relativistic and nonrelativistic quantum mechanics

The existence of a classical limit describing interacting particles in a second-quantized theory of identical particles with bosonic symmetry is proved. This limit exists in addition to a previously established classical limit with a classical field behavior, showing that the limit $\hbar \to 0$ of the theory is not unique. An analogous result is valid for a free massive scalar field: two distinct classical limits are proved to exist, describing a system of particles or a classical field. The introduction of local operators in order to represent kinematical properties of interest is shown to break the permutation symmetry under some localizability conditions, allowing the study of individual particle properties.Comment: 13 page

Helminth infections, atopy, asthma and allergic diseases: protocol for a systematic review of observational studies worldwide.

INTRODUCTION: Childhood infections, particularly those caused by helminths are considered to be important environmental exposures influencing the development of allergic diseases. However, epidemiological studies focusing on the relationship between helminth infections and risk of allergic diseases, performed worldwide, show inconsistent findings. Previous systematic reviews of observational studies published 10 or more years ago showed conflicting findings for effects of helminths on allergic diseases. Over the past 10 years there has been growing literature addressing this research area and these need to be considered in order to appreciate the most contemporary evidence. The objective of the current systematic review will be to provide an up-to-date synthesis of findings of observational studies investigating the influence of helminth infections on atopy, and allergic diseases. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This systematic review protocol was registered at PROSPERO. We will search Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, ISI Web of Science, WHO Global Health Library, Scielo, IndMed, PakMediNet, KoreaMed, Ichushi for published studies from 1970 to January 2020. Bibliographies of all eligible studies will be reviewed to identify additional studies. Unpublished and ongoing research will also be searched in key databases. There will be no language or geographical restrictions regarding publications. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme quality assessment tool will be used to appraise methodological quality of included studies. A descriptive summary with data tables will be constructed, and if adequate, meta-analysis using random-effects will be performed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be followed for reporting of the systematic review. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Since this systematic review will be only based on published and retrievable literature, no ethics approval will be sought. The multidisciplinary team performing this systematic review will participate in relevant dissemination activities. Findings will be presented at scientific meetings and publish the systematic review in international, peer-reviewed, open-access journals. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020167249

Numerical study of spray dispersion in a premixing chamber for Low-NOx engines

The present work describes a numerical study of a confined two-phase flow under high-pressure conditions, typical of gas turbine combustors. An Eulerian frame was used for the gas phase together with a Lagrangian approach to describe the dispersed phase. The computational method was extended to high-pressure environments, which are more representative of the practical gas turbine operating conditions. The results are compared with experimental data, and revealed the ability of the model to increase the knowledge of the turbulent dispersion phenomena for this type of practical conditions (high pressure and confined flow).Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cooperation vs. firm-based innovation: A sectoral comparison in Portugal

In today's knowledge-intensive economies, the enterprises can have a strong economic and social influence as "market protagonists". Facing today's economic instability they ought to provide a constant stream of innovations to clients. Researchers suggest that firms can reshape the market through their innovations, for which can contribute some external expert knowledge. The process of developing an innovation may imply three types of approach: make; buy or cooperate with other agents to acquire specific competences or knowledge. This last occurs when the firms' internal knowledge or skill-base is not sufficient or effective and is conveniently complemented with external sources. Firms' cooperation, among them or with clients or other stakeholders, and its potential for innovation is not new. In this paper, our aim is to identify the sectors more willing to engage in cooperation initiatives in order to accomplish innovation. Thus, this paper is structured as follows: Introduction; 1. Literature Review (Innovation and its assets; Disclosing the process of innovation; Open innovation; Cooperation for innovation); 2. Research Design (The CIS instrument; Sampling); 3. Results (The nature of the innovation process by sector: cooperation-based vs. firm-based; The scale and scope of cooperation); Concluding Remarks. Using descriptive statistics, the first step will be to identify the sectors more willing to engage in cooperation initiatives in order to accomplish innovation. Secondly, for those sectors a more detailed analysis on the scale and scope of cooperation is developed. For this study a secondary dataset was used from the CIS-2012 (DGEEC, 2014). The CIS, operation acronym in the Eurostat for Community Innovation Survey, is the main statistical survey (mandatory for EU member states) on innovation in companies. The universe contemplates Portuguese companies with 10 or more employees belonging to the NACE codes. The INITIAL sample consisted of 9423 companies. 6840 valid answers were considered

The Co‐Occurring Development of Executive Function Skills and Receptive Vocabulary in Preschool‐Aged Children: A Look at the Direction of the Developmental Pathways

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106081/1/icd1829.pd

Comparison of Commercial and Open-Source CFD Solvers on Surface Tension Dominated Flows

Problems involving multiphase flows require a physical understanding of how the phenomenadevelop and the specific interactions they manifest. For surface tension relevant flows, suchas bubbles and droplets, the importance of modelling and predicting small-scale behaviouris crucial in accurately defining the liquid-gas interface and complex interactions that may takeplace. Axisymmetric numerical simulations of single droplets impacting onto thin liquid films areperformed using commercial and open-source CFD codes. ANSYS Fluent®is the commercialsoftware employed, whereas Basilisk is the open-source CFD solver adopted. The incompress-ible Navier-Stokes equations are coupled and handled differently throughout each software.A solution-adaptive mesh refinement tool is adopted to reduce computational cost. Softwarecomparison is based on quantitative and qualitative analysis, namely crown height and outerdiameter measurements, and the crown curvature and occurrence of splashing, respectively.Results show that Basilisk simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data. Fluent follows the tendency for the crown outer diameter however, in terms of height, the modelunder-predicts its growth and collapses at later stages of the impact for lower thicknessesFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparative phylogeography of northwest African Natrix maura (Serpentes: Colubridae) inferred from mtDNA sequences

While the comparative phylogeography of European fauna is relatively well understood, with Pleistocene climatic oscillations leading to ‘southern refugia’ for many species, the equivalent pattern has not been determined for North Africa. In this context variation within North African populations of the riverine snake Natrix maura were assessed using mitochondrial DNA sequences. Recent literature regarding North African phylogeographic studies of reptiles was compiled, and several surprising patterns emerged. The most interesting was the extensive movement of species across the Strait of Gibraltar during the Pleistocene. Another is the general pattern of deep genetic divergences between Tunisian and Moroccan populations, often at a level implying the existence of cryptic species. Natrix maura has three distinct lineages in North Africa, however, it apparently did not cross the Strait of Gibraltar during the Pleistocene, but probably did so during the Messinian salinity crisis