Development of bambangan (Mangifera pajang) carbonated drink

Mangifera pajang Kostermans or bambangan is a popular fruit among Sabahan due to its health and economic values. However, the fruit is not fully commercialized since it is usually been used as traditional cuisine by local people. Thus, development of bambangan fruit into carbonated drink was conducted to produce new product concept. The objectives of this study were to conceptualize, formulate, evaluate consumer acceptance, and determine physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of the accepted product. Method used in conceptualising the product was based on questionnaire. The consumer acceptance was evaluated based on descriptive and affective tests with four product formulations tested. The physicochemical properties on carbon dioxide volume, colour, pH, total acidity, total soluble solid (TSS) and viscosity were highlighted, meanwhile nutritional composition on fat, protein, carbohydrates and energy content were determined. About 77% respondents gave positive feedback, and 69% respondents decided this product is within their budget. The formulation of 5% bambangan pulp, 70% water, 25% sugar and 0.2% citric acid was highly accepted in descriptive and affective tests with 4.4 and 6.39 mean scores, respectively. The physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of the acceptance product were in optimum value except for colour, total acidity and TSS. Overall, this study showed that the product has high potential to be commercialized as new product concept, and heritage of indigenous people can be preserved when this fruit is known regionally

Atribut Konselor Dan Resistensi Pelajar Dalam Konseling

: Counselors' Attributes and Students' Resistance in Counseling. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between professional as well as personal attributes of counselors and students' resistance in counseling. Senior-high-school students of Binjai North Sumatra were involved as the subjects of the study. The results of correlational analysis of the data showed that students' resistance was not significantly related to counselors' professional attributes, but to counselors' personal ones

PROBLEMATIKA ONTOLOGIS PENDIDIKAN ISLAM (Mencari Hakikat Pendidikan Islam)

The efforts to understand ontological meaning of Islamic education are not easy, furthermore the nature of Islamic education meaning is intended as an abstraction integrity of meaning that is accepted ideological, theoretical, and empirical. The existence of Islamic education is always in contact and grappling with the reality surrounding them. In historical perspective, the struggle between Islamic educations with socio-cultural realities faces two possibilities: influences or is influenced. The consequence is that Islamic education can be defined as a process of enculturation and or facilitation efforts (medium). If referring to the terms of Islam, Islamic education is personified to the term at-tarbiyah, at-ta'li> m, at-ta'di> b and ar-riya> d} ah. Each of these terms has different accentuation meanings although it has the same outline. In understanding Islamic education, basic education and its goal formulation becomes noteworthy. Since the basis and purpose of demarcation will distinguish with other educations.Keywords: Ontological meaning, at-tarbiyah, at-ta’li>m, at-ta’di>b dan ar-riya>d}ah, basic and purpose of Islamic education

Silver Nanoclusters And Nanofractals In Natural Rubber Matrix.

Silver nanocrystals were synthesized in natural rubber matrix via UV irradiation technique. A high intensity UV light with a wavelength below 300 nm was used to reduce the silver ions in the natural rubber matrix

PROBLEMATIKA ONTOLOGIS PENDIDIKAN ISLAM (Mencari Hakikat Pendidikan Islam)

The efforts to understand ontological meaning of Islamic education are not easy, furthermore the nature of Islamic education meaning is intended as an abstraction integrity of meaning that is accepted ideological, theoretical, and empirical. The existence of Islamic education is always in contact and grappling with the reality surrounding them. In historical perspective, the struggle between Islamic educations with socio-cultural realities faces two possibilities: influences or is influenced. The consequence is that Islamic education can be defined as a process of enculturation and or facilitation efforts (medium). If referring to the terms of Islam, Islamic education is personified to the term at-tarbiyah, at-ta'li> m, at-ta'di> b and ar-riya> d} ah. Each of these terms has different accentuation meanings although it has the same outline. In understanding Islamic education, basic education and its goal formulation becomes noteworthy. Since the basis and purpose of demarcation will distinguish with other educations.Keywords: Ontological meaning, at-tarbiyah, at-ta’li>m, at-ta’di>b dan ar-riya>d}ah, basic and purpose of Islamic education

A noninvasive molecular approach: exploiting species-locus-specific PCR primers in defeating numts and DNA cross-contamination of cercopithecidae

The lack of a standardized, noninvasive molecular approach to studying genetic aspects of primates has made it hard for primatologists to decode the evolutionary history of these species. Researchers must optimize their own techniques to fully exploit the available samples. Lack of species-locus-specific primers also contributes to difficulties in using noninvasive genetic samples. Thus, the objectives of this study were to develop a standardized technique to collecting samples noninvasively, propose newly designed species-locus-specific primers, and optimize conditions for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Macaca fascicularis, M. nemestrina, Trachypithecus cristatus, and T. obscurus. Nine new species-locus-specific primers for three different loci of mitochondrial DNA, namely D-loop, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), and cytochrome b, were successfully designed. These primers proved to be efficient in amplifying larger datasets (up to ~1,000 bp) of the targeted species in the optimized PCR conditions. The species-locus-specific primers are able to anneal to host DNA alone in highly contaminated feces of highlighted species. They can also offer alternatives measures in avoiding contamination related to nuclear insertion of mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts)

Development of PAN (personal area network) for Mobile Robot Using Bluetooth Transceiver

In recent years, wireless applications using radio frequency (RF) have been rapidly evolving in personal computing and communications devices. Bluetooth technology was created to replace the cables used on mobile devices. Bluetooth is an open specification and encompasses a simple low-cost, low power solution for integration into devices. This research work aim was to provide a PAN (personal area network) for computer based mobile robot that supports real-time control of four mobile robots from a host mobile robot. With ad hoc topology, mobile robots may request and establish a connection when it is within the range or terminated the connection when it leaves the area. A system that contains both hardware and software is designed to enable the robots to participate in multi-agent robotics system (MARS). Computer based mobile robot provide operating system that enabled development of wireless connection via IP address