Étude de la pollution organique totale et fécale dans les systèmes aquatiques de l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo

Des analyses préliminaires des pollutions organiques totales et fécales des eaux de deux cours d’eau et trois étangs piscicoles de l’Est de la RD Congo ont été réalisées en utilisant les méthodes chimiques (O2, DBO5, DCO) et biologiques (bactériologie, étude des macro-invertébrés et algues). Les résultats obtenus montrent que certaines eaux sont non-polluées et d’autres sont peu polluées par les matières organiques totales. Tandis que toutes ces eaux sont polluées par des parasites fécaux à divers degrés.Mots-clés : pollution, organique, bactériologique, systèmes aquatiques, RD Congo

Women's participation in livestock markets

This brief is an excerpt from the book ‘Bridging the Gender Gap: Women, Livestock Ownership and Markets in Eastern and Southern Africa’, produced by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) with funding from Canada’s International Development Research Centre (www.idrc.ca). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ILRI or IDRC. This is one of a series of six briefs on livestock and gender, designed and produced by WRENmedia (www.wrenmedia.co.uk) for IDRC

Sediment and nutrient loads into river Lwiro, in the Lake Kivu basin, Democratic Republic of Congo

This study assessed sediment and nutrient loads in Lwiro river, Lake Kivu basin in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Water discharge was measured and water samples were collected twice a month from 6 sites in Lwiro river system and analyzed for total suspended sediment (SS), temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), alkalinity and nutrients (P, N, PO43-, NO3- and NH4+) using standard methods. Results show that the concentration of BOD5 was low (1.08 ± 0.83 mg/L); but COD (13.13 ± 6.26 mg/L) and SS (1.15 ± 0.36 mg/L) were high in the industrial effluent than in agricultural effluent (2.7 ± 0.77 mg/L for BOD5; 9.05 ± 3.55 mg/L for COD and 0.81 ± 0.36 mg/L for TSS). It was observed that all these values were low compared to the standard limit proposed by UNECE and Uganda standard. TSS, nutrient and other chemicals parameters load analyzed were high in agriculture effluent than in industrial effluent except for NH4+ load. Temporal variation and site difference between TSS and nutrient load were significantly different (F=5.54, p< 0.005 for SS; F= 8.59, p< 0.005 for TP and F=7.63, p< 0.005 for TN). Techniques for reducing nutrient and TSS loads should be initiated in the microcatchment to protect the Lake Kivu.Keywords: Sediment; nutrient load; industrial; agriculture effluent; Lwiro river; Lake Kivu

Spatial distribution and abondance of freshwater snails in Lake Kivu, DR Congo side

               The main goal of this investigation was to study the distribution of freshwater molluscs in Lake Kivu located in DR Congo side. Mollusca play important role in the public and veterinary health and thus need to be study their distribution continuously. The semi-quantitative surveys carried out during the period of January 2019 to December 2019 has focused on sites selected in lake covering the dry and wet seasons. The choice of these sites was based on the molluscan data available, physical structure of the littoral and structure associated vegetation. The harvesting of snails in the littoral zone of Lake Kivu was done using a plankton net and pliers. The physicochemical parameters of the water at each site were carried out using the standard water quality analysis method. The collected snails were morphologically identified using different identification keys. Biomphalaria species were analyzed for trematode infestation. One thousand three hundred and thirty-six (1,356) snails belonging to seven genera and seven species were recorded during the study. The overall relative percentage of the various snail species recorded was: Biomphalaria pfeifferi (50.8 %), Biomphalaria smithi (13.1 %), Gabbielle spirilosa (11.2 %), Bulinus tuncatus (10.2 %), Lymnea natalensis (5.7 %), Helisoma duryi (2.5 %), Pila ovata (1.4), Melanoides tuberculata (1.2%), Lymnea columella (0.7 %), Tomchia hendrexyx (0.6 %), Bulinus forskalii (0.5 %), Tomchia ventricosa and Physa acuta (0.4 %), Tomchia zwellandanensis, Corbicula fluminalis and Hydrobia accrensis  (0.3 %), Lymnae palutris (0.2 %), Tomchia kivuensis and Segmentorbis kempi (0.1 %). The present clarified the distribution and seasonal abundance of freshwater snails in Lake Kivu, DRCongo side. Eighteen species of freshwater snails were collected in the malacological survey in the Lake Kivu, DRC side. The observed snail distribution can provide insight into some aspects of the epidemiology of trematode infection in the study area and the potential risks to humans and animals. The implications of these findings for the control of snail-borne trematodes are also discussed

Anophelinocidal Activity of Volatile Oil from Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae)

Tagetes minuta, a common weed found throughout Republic Democratic of Congo is used by native population to drive away insects. Volatile oil from flowers extract is endowed with anophelinocidal activity which remains for about seven days. The LD90 and LD50 of the crude extract are respectively of 75 mg and 45.6 mg/ml

Prévalence de parasites gastro-intestinaux et inventaire de mollusques dans les Hauts-Plateaux d'Uvira, est du Zaïre

Prevalance of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites and Snail Inventory in the High-Plateaus of Uvira, Eastern Zaire. Investigations on the cattlebreeding state have been carried out in the High Plateaus of Uvira in view to elucidate the importance of the parasitic pathology on the development of the cattle. The epidemiological study of gastro-intestinal diseases of the cattle and the snail inventory have been done in order to show, on the one hand, the nature, frequency and the gravity of gastrointestinal parasites and on the other hand, the causes of these infestations. Among the 318 samples of faeces examined, 311 have been positive (97.8 %). The main parasites observed from the coproscopy were : Eimeria sp or Coccidia (92.1 %), Schistosoma bovis (83.0) %, Buxtonella sp (40.6 %), Haemonchus sp (29.2 %), Trichostrongylus sp (23.9 %), Cooperia sp (10.1 %), Chabertia sp (11.9 %), Moniezia sp (15.1 %) Strongyloides sp (6.3 %), Fasciola hepatica (8.2 %), Ostertagia sp (5.3 %), Toxocara vitulorum (11.9 %), Oesophagostomum sp (4.4 %), Bunostomum sp (3.5 %) et Nematodirus sp (0.6 %). Seven species of snails have been sampled such as the aquatic species Pisidium casertanum, P. nitidum (Sphaeridae), Segmentorbis sp (Planorbidae), Syrnolopsis gracilis (Syrnolopsis) and Potadomoides schouterdeni and the terrestrial one Burtoa sp and an other one which still remains indetermined