Influence of adsorption and anaerobic granular sludge characteristics on long chain fatty acids inhibition process

The impact of LCFA adsorption on the methanogenic activity was evaluated in batch assays for two anaerobic granular sludges in the presence and absence of bentonite as synthetic adsorbent. A clear inhibitory effect at an oleate (C18:1) concentration of 0.5 g(C18:1) L(-1) was observed for both sludges. Palmitate (C16:0) was confirmed to be the main intermediate of C18:1 degradation in not adapted sludge and its accumulation was further evidenced by fluorescence staining and microscopy techniques. LCFA inhibition could be decreased by the addition of bentonite, reducing the lag-phase and accelerating the kinetics of LCFA degradation, concluding in the importance of the adsorptive nature of the LCFA inhibitory process. Granule morphology and molecular profiling of predominant microorganisms revealed that biomass adaptation to LCFA could modify the intermediates accumulation profiles and process rates.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (projects ENE 2007-65850 and CTM 2010-18212), and was partially supported by a grand from the Department of Universities, Research and Media Society of Catalonia Government (BE-DGR 2008 BE1 00261). We would like to thank Lucia Neves, Ana Nicolau, Madalena Vieira, and Ana Julia Cavaleiro, from University of Minho, for their assistance in microscopic observations and analytical methods. We also thank Miriam Guivernau (IRTA) for assistance in the PCR-DGGE profiling and ribotype sequencing. We are also grateful to David Bedoya (MWH) and Francesc Prenafeta (IRTA) for the revision and critical reading of the manuscript

UHPLC/HR-ESI-MS/MS Profiling of Phenolics from Tunisian Lycium arabicum Boiss. Antioxidant and Anti-lipase Activities’ Evaluation

This study was performed in the aim to evaluate nine different extracts from Tunisian Lycium arabicum for their total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, phytochemical analyses as well as their antioxidant and anti-lipase activities. The in vitro antioxidant property was investigated using three complementary methods (DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assays) while anti-lipase activity was evaluated using 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate method. From all of the tested extracts the most potent found to be the polar MeOH extracts especially those of stems and leaves. In order to investigate the chemical composition of these extracts and possible correlation of their constituents with the observed activities, an UHPLC/HR-ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed. Several compounds belonging to different chemical classes were tentatively identified such as rutin and kampferol rutinoside, the major constituents of the leaves, and N-caffeoyltyramine, lyciumide A, N-dihydrocaffeoyltyramine as well as fatty acids: trihydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid isomers were detected abundantly in the stems. These results showed that the MeOH extracts of stems and leaves of L. arabicum can be considered as a potential source of biological active compounds. © 2017 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerlan

How does the starch content affect common wheat fractionation? A numerical approach

How does the starch content affect common wheat fractionation? A numerical approach. Grain for feeding the worl

Faut-il traiter la biprotrusion des enfants tunisiens ?

La situation géographique de la Tunisie en Afrique du Nord pourrait laisser sous-entendre que la biprotrusion serait d'origine ethnique, liée à son appartenance à l'Afrique et à l'influence des populations mélanodermes. Une première étude, réalisée sur 95 téléradiographies de profil d'élèves (âge moyen : 16 ans 9 mois), ayant une denture complète normale et un schéma facial jugé équilibré, montre que dans cet échantillon de la région de Sfax, les incisives sont, en effet, légèrement vestibuloversées et que leurs bords libres se trouvent 3 mm en avant par rapport aux normes américaines. Dans une deuxième étude, nous nous sommes intéressés à la stabilité du traitement de la biprotrusion en comparant la position des incisives sur des téléradiographies de profil de début de traitement, de fin de traitement et hors contention (prises 2 à 3 ans après la fin du traitement) de 26 cas de classe I biprotrusif, tous traités par avulsion de 4 premières prémolaires. Cette deuxième étude montre que la correction des incisives supérieures et inférieures est suivie d'une récidive moyenne comprise entre 20 et 30 % en fonction du paramètre étudié

Discrete Poroelasticity of Heterogeneous Media

International audienc