In the moment of making History: The case of COVID-19 in Zambia

This paper discusses the unfolding of COVID-19 in Zambia between March and August 2020. Zambians were aware that international networks would lead to Zambia being affected by a disease that had caused much devastation in China. The discussion also demonstrates the ambiguous nature of economic means for survival. Thus, the search for means of survival would also become transmission lines of a deadly disease. The state used a mixture of liberal and authoritarian ways to deal with the spreading of the infections. The pandemic revealed the inadequacy of medical facilities. The discussion combined limited oral information, newspapers and published primary sources.https://upjournals.up.ac.za/index.php/yesterday_and_today/article/view/190

SADCC, Liberation Movements and Regional Development in Southern Africa

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Steve Biko and Kenneth Kaunda: sampling youth in history.

The paper examines history from the perspective of the youth as a marginalized social group in most societies. They are young, lacking influential skills and preparing for imagined futures. The paper argues that youth do not often use the democratic power embedded in numbers. The paper advances to show that history as selected speculation, fails to empower the youth in not explaining that major historical eras emerged from political challenges that the youth initiated and led. The author take the case of Steve Biko from South Africa and Kenneth Kaunda from Zambia to demonstrate the historical foundations of changes that came later in their respective states. During their youth Biko and Kaunda entered politics and precipitated changes of an enduring nature. When borrowing from Kaunda, Biko argued that respect for human dignity and freedoms laid foundations for struggles that improved social values and justice by rejecting colonial systems. It is further argued that comparative studies of people during their youth could improve quality of historical studies or learning, and appeal to young people to develop interest in history, and historical research

In the moment of making History: the case of COVID-19 in Zambia

This paper discusses the unfolding of COVID-19 in Zambia between March and August 2020. Zambians were aware that international networks would lead to Zambia being affected by a disease that had caused much devastation in China. The discussion also demonstrates the ambiguous nature of economic means for survival. Thus, the search for means of survival would also become transmission lines of a deadly disease. The state used a mixture of liberal and authoritarian ways to deal with the spreading of the infections. The pandemic revealed the inadequacy of medical facilities. The discussion combined limited oral information, newspapers and published primary sources

Tackling HIV/AIDS and Related Stigma in Swaziland through Education

This paper discusses how the Swazi Government and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Swaziland have responded to HIV/AIDS between 1986 and 2002.  The central strategy has been to use education in various forms in order to change the behaviour of Swazi citizens and non-Swazi residents in the country.  This involved adoption of a policy and structures which were informed by research and a variety of field experiences.  Through the use of IEC, peer education and mass education, the Swazi Government has eventually decided to set up specialised bodies and to develop programmes focused on changing the behaviour of young people.  The central focus is to develop life styles which reduce risky behaviour and which also avoid risky situations.  The central goals of the HIV/AIDS education strategy have been to prevent HIV infection, deal with impact mitigation and eliminate stigma. (Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review: 2003 19 (2): 75-88

Designing Languages using Lightning

Modelling languages are defined by specifying their abstract syntax, concrete syntax and semantics. In the Lightning tool the definition of all these language components is based on the lightweight formal language Alloy. Lightning makes use of the powerful automatic analysis features of Alloy to allow language designers to develop and validate the definition of a modelling language in an incremental fashion. By providing immediate visual feedback, it allows errors in the language definition to be quickly identified and corrected. Furthermore Lightning introduces a novel interpretation mechanism that allows efficient execution of transformations used in the language definition. We illustrate the use of the tool on the language of structured business processes